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Tag: "eye" at biology news

Math that powers spam filters used to understand how brain learns to move our muscles

...pid flashes of light. Experiments using such rapid eye movements, or saccades, are a staple in studying how the brain controls movement. Initially, the animal learner made large errors, but also stored the information about its mistakes in a memory bank so it could adapt and make more accurate predict...

'Lucky 13' as new gene discovery offers further hope for childhood blindness

... a gene therapy involving injecting genes into the eye of patients with LCA to restore their sight. The f...t tells us something very important about what the eye is doing normally and about a new and common way in which it can go wrong. Given some exciting recen...

UCF nanoparticle offers promise for treating glaucoma

...s a drug delivery device for treating glaucoma, an eye disease that can cause blindness and affects milli...than some of the complex polymers now used in most eye drops. Seal and his team created a specialized cerium oxide nanoparticle and bound it with a com...

Reconstructing the biology of extinct species: A new approach

...send signals to the brain, triggering the neck and eye muscles to reflexively keep the visual image stable. The basic hypothesis of the project was that the organ of balance -- which helps stabilize an animal's gaze and coordinate its movements as it travels through the environment -- should be irre...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

...sulator element blocked enhancer activities in the eye tissue of fruit flies and in human cells in culture. "Based on these findings, we were able to identify this element as a kind of chromatin insulator that helps HSV-1 maintain a balance in its life cycle." The study also showed that HSV-1 chrom...

How the brain's backup system compensates for stroke

... is important for learning new connections between eye and motor function, it "is particularly well placed to mediate learning of new motor strategies after brain damage results in the normal routes to action being compromised." The researchers concluded that their experiments showed that "In the init...

Climate change impacts stream life

...tebrates - animals that can be seen with the naked eye such as crustaceans, snails and larval insects including stoneflies or mayflies. Professor Ormerod, said: "Streams and rivers are likely to be highly sensitive to climate and yet long-term evidence of effects is scarce globally. Our study shows...

First clinical trial of gene therapy for childhood blindness

...have a significant impact on future treatments for eye disease. The trial involves adults and children... treatment. As this trial is the first to treat an eye disease using administration of gene therapy vectors to human retinas, the team have carried out ext...

A frown or a smile? Children with autism can't discern

...s said. While the results show the key role of eye gaze in signaling communicative intent, it also shows that autistic children, even when gazing directly into someone’s eyes, don’t recognize visual cues and don’t process that information. That may be why children diagnosed with autism have varying d...

DNA repair proteins monitored at double-strand break

...Jude Children's Research Hospital had a molecule’s eye view of the human cell’s DNA repair kit as it assembled on a double-strand break to link together the broken ends. Double-strand breaks are ruptures that cut completely across the twisted, ladder-like structure of DNA, breaking it into two pieces. ...

Man's best friend lends insight into human evolution

...ical Science, chimpanzees utilize social cues like eye gaze and face orientation to monitor others' behavior or infer motives of other subordinate or dominant individuals, or even deceive them, when competing for food. But it turns out that chimps are not very good at drawing inferences about others' men...

UCLA study uncovers clues for why Graves' disease attacks the eyes

...ing inflammation and damage to the body, including eye tissue. In the current study, UCLA researchers discovered that T-cells taken from GD patients contain an abnormal surplus of the receptor targeted by this antibody. An antibody must latch to a specific receptor ?like a key into a lock -- in order...

Action video games sharpen vision 20 percent

...video game improves your bottom line on a standard eye chart. "Action video game play changes the way ...n, meaning they could see figures like those on an eye chart more clearly, even when other symbols crowded in." Bavelier and graduate student Shawn Green...

Drug-resistant bacterial infections serious complication after corrective eye surgery

...2 weeks, he had developed an infection in his left eye that grew worse, despite treatment, until his vision was only 20/400. When the infection was cultured and found to be MRSA, his antibiotics were changed and his vision recovered to 20/200 over the next two weeks. The patient is awaiting further surgi...

Trusting your instincts leads you to the right answer

...example, acting quickly." Tracking participants' eye movements, the team controlled the time allotted t...eren't guesswork at all. Dr Zhaoping said: "Our eye movements are often involuntary. What seems like a random darting of the eye is often an essential s...

MU researcher placing eye implants in cats to help humans see

...ith hereditary retinal blinding disease. The cat's eye is a good model to use for this type of research because it is very similar to a human eye in size and construction, so surgeons can use the same techniques and equipment. Cats also share man...

Tumor-suppressor gene is critical for placenta development

...n mutated, raises the risk of a rare cancer of the eye called retinoblastoma. Two decades ago, it was identified as the first tumor-suppressor gene, a class of genes that protects cells from becoming cancerous. It has since been shown to be inactivated in many cancers. In this study, researchers shut ...

Racing neurons control whether we stop or go

...ignal came on and the subject had to inhibit their eye movement. This is when the ‘stop?unit was activated." The researchers found that the results predicted by the model and those shown by the neural activity matched. "For most of the race, ‘stop?and ‘go?act independently. ‘Stop?interacts with ‘g...

Gene therapy for blindness clears hurdle in mice

...g issue of Vision Research, involves injecting the eye with a bit of genetic material called interfering ...hy versions of the gene can be introduced into the eye using an apparently harmless virus to deliver the genetic material. "If we reduce the amount of p...

Tears reveal some of their deepest secrets to researchers

...nd the causes of eye-related disorders such as dry eye disease, which affects anywhere from 12 to 14 mill...ar film may be related to these disorders." Dry eye is really a collection of irritating symptoms that includes microscopic damage to the front of the e...

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