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Tag: "extreme" at biology news

Ozone recovering, but unlikely to stabilize at pre-1980 levels, says study

...ntral to plants' growth. Without it, plants remain extreme dwarfs. If we are going to understand how plants grow, we need to understand the response pathway to this hormone," says Chory. "This study clarifies what's going on downstream in the nucleus when brassinolide signals a plant cell to grow." Brassino...

Mouse study reveals new clues about virulence of 1918 influenza virus

...n analyses of 1918 flu victim autopsy samples show extreme and extensive damage to lung tissues. This observation gave rise to the hypothesis that the 1918 flu virus infection provoked an uncontrolled inflammatory response leading to rapid lung failure and death. To test this idea, Dr. Tumpey infected mic...

Common carp sheds new light on surviving in extreme environments

... hot and steamy. "Its ability to cope with such extreme conditions of temperature, lack of oxygen and dirty, sediment-laden water makes it a particularly good subject for working out how animals can tolerate stress because the underlying mechanisms are so exaggerated and displayed so clearly. We now need...

Scientists use an 'ice lolly' to find polar bacteria in their own backyard

To study the bacteria which survive in extreme cold, scientists no longer have to go to extreme environments, such as Antarctic lakes and glaciers. Bacteria previously isolated from polar climates...

With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane

...u need a way to do analytical chemistry, only with extreme sensitivity, because we're not talking about very many molecules.'' The answer is isotopes. The NanoSIMS 50 can detect extremely small differences in mass among molecular fragments labeled with different isotopes. And the machine has five detectors,...

New mechanism explains glucose effect on wakefulness

...l mechanism is involved in sensing both subtle and extreme changes in glucose," they wrote. What's more, they wrote, their finding that subtle changes in glucose levels affect firing of orexin "raises the possibility that, besides being important for adaptive responses to starvation, modulation of orexin ce...

Stormy days ahead for coral reefs

...gers to assess the vulnerability of their reefs to extreme wave events," says Dr. Madin. "The ability to esti...d calculates whether they will be dislodged during extreme weather. The research introduces a new concept ?colony shape factor (CSF) ?to translate the myr...

Researchers use multiphoton microscopy to watch chromosomes in action

...sp70 genes) that protect flies from the effects of extreme heat. By cranking up the heat, the researchers could activate these genes, and by using fruit flies specifically bred to carry fluorescent proteins on HSF, they could watch the transcription factors in action. "This is the first time ever that anyon...

Sunflower speciation highlights roles for transposable elements in evolution

...dapted to, and evolved in, a so-called abiotically extreme environment--two of the species are found in desert environments, while the third is adapted to salt marshes. Both hybridization and abiotic stress have been implicated as natural agents of activation and proliferation of transposable elements. ...

Living laboratory found on shoreline statues

... figures such as the inner thigh protect them from extreme harsh conditions. "This particular breed is a cross-fertilising hermaphrodite which means that once it has settled, the barnacle can produce multiple broods of larvae ?increasing its local population size several times in a year." Funded by t...

Coral reefs are increasingly vulnerable to angry oceans

...gers to assess the vulnerability of their reefs to extreme wave events," said Madin. "The ability to estimate...lated whether or not they will be dislodged during extreme weather. The study introduces a new concept, "colony shape factor," to translate the myriad shape...

Critical hearing gene helps send auditory messages to brain

...ng, she added, "in the sense that it operates with extreme temporal precision." In mammals, the hearing organ, or cochlea, is a snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that is filled with a watery fluid. When that liquid moves in response to sound vibrations, thousands of sensory "hair" cells are set into ...

Otherworldly bacteria discovered two miles down

... self-sustaining, bacterial community living under extreme conditions almost two miles deep beneath the surface in a South African gold mine. It is the first microbial community demonstrated to be exclusively dependent on geologically produced sulfur and hydrogen and one of the few ecosystems found on Earth ...

New moth variety disarms plants guarded by selenium

...e plants "hyperaccumulate" the element selenium to extreme levels--up to 1% of the plant's dry weight. Selenium, an element with properties similar to sulfur, is an essential trace element for many organisms, but it typically is toxic at high levels, and the function behind the intriguing tendency of some pl...

Microbe fixes nitrogen at a blistering 92 C

...rchaea are single-celled organisms that live under extreme environmental conditions, such as the high temperatures and crushing pressures below the seafloor. If heat-loving archaea were the first life on the planet, they would have needed a usable source of nitrogen, Baross says. Known as FS406-22 because...

Stanford discovery may help predict when toxoplasma can be deadly

...g' host, the result is a system out of kilter and extreme disease. It's the bull in the china shop." The origins of the more virulent strains of Toxoplasma were first documented in a 2001 Science paper from Boothroyd's group; the researchers found that the recombination of two relatively benign strai...

Small, smaller, smallest -- The plight of the vaquita

...that the vaquita has always been rare and that its extreme loss of genomic variability occurred over evolutionary time rather than recently owing to human-caused mortality. Instead of those factors, the “smoking gun?in this instance is accidental mortality in fishing gear, something popularly known as “bycat...

From hot springs to rice farms, scientists reveal new insights into the secret lives of archaea

...ed archaea as extremophiles-creatures that live in extreme conditions. Indeed, many species of archaea thrive...of researchers will present new findings about the extreme and not-so-extreme world of archaea during the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU...

Origin of inherited pain disorder pinpointed

...pointed by researchers. They found that paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) is caused by specific mutations in porelike sodium channels in peripheral nerve cells—a discovery that they said emphasizes the role of such channel disorders in inflammatory pain. Such findings of abnormal function in disease al...

Life in the extreme

...which are active areas of fluid seepage, are other extreme environments discovered in the 1990s. These harsh conditions give rise to some of the most extreme and scientifically challenging environments for life to exist on the planet. Extensive fields of h...

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