Tag: "expression" at biology news

Study hints at role of stem cell genes in testicular, breast cancers

...t tumor. Previously, the team had discovered that expression of the genes was elevated in two samples of semino...expanded their investigation, determining that the expression of the genes was elevated, at varying levels, in nine seminomas. In the process, they identified th...

MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes

... researchers demonstrate that microRNAs affect the expression or evolution of the majority of human genes. Near...swer this question, the researchers turned to gene expression patterns of different types of mouse cells. Kyle Kai-How Farh, a graduate student in Bartel's lab, ...

Human cerebellum and cortex age in very different ways

... balance. Their work, based on an analysis of gene expression in various areas of human and chimpanzee brains, a...d about how the brain ages and how changes in gene expression over time are related to brain activity," says Michael B. Eisen, assistant professor of molecular an...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...ary for the building of one or more proteins. Gene expression is the process by which information stored in gene...D works with translation, the second phase of gene expression where RNAs direct the building of proteins. From studying genetic diseases, Maquat theorized four y...

Customized gene chip provides rapid detection of genetic changes in children's cancer

...nown to be involved in neuroblastoma. Unlike gene expression microarrays, which detect varying levels of RNA to measure the activity levels of different genes as DNA transfers information to RNA, the current microarray directly identifies changes in DNA. "These DNA changes, involving gain or loss of genetic ma...

HIV inserts into human genome using a DNA-associated protein

...ells. These units are sites that lead to efficient expression of the viral genome. Most HIV-infected cells in a patient will have a very short life span, a day or less. "We surmise that this strategy helps the virus make hay while the sun is shining, as it were, producing lots of viral copies during a short tim...

Scientists characterize proteome of human cornea

... normal corneas we can identify differences in the expression profiles that may suggest avenues for therapeutic interventions. Because the cornea is so accessible, the potential for developing effective drugs for the treatment of corneal diseases is good. Furthermore, the work is likely to improve the clinical ...

'Smart' nanoprobes light up disease

...only when activated by specific proteases. Altered expression of particular proteases is a common hallmark of cancer, atherosclerosis, and many other diseases. In the September issue of the journal Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, lead authors Jennifer West, the Isabel C. Cameron Professor ...

Plant wounds trigger bacteria

...to five times faster than normal by increasing the expression of a protein called RepC, which is required for replication of the plasmid. The extra copies of this DNA enhance the ability of the bacterium to cause tumors, which grow when a fragment of the plasmid DNA invades the plant's own DNA. Crown gall tum...

Grabbing addiction by the tail

...s, evidence that the structure is critical for the expression of some of the devastating behaviors of addiction....

UT Southwestern researchers unravel control of growing blood vessels

...in 2003, is known to bind to DNA and stimulate the expression of genes that control muscle contraction. How myocardin is controlled, however, has been a mystery, said Dr. Olson, director of the Nancy B. and Jake L. Hamon Center for Basic Research in Cancer and the Nearburg Family Center for Basic Research in Pe...

Mammalian Transcriptome Mapped

...se counterparts, but the extent to which antisense expression exists has never been guessed at before. The stunn...into RNA. Antisense transcription is the "reverse" expression of genomic DNA. If the same molecule of DNA is transcribed into antisense RNA, then the transcript h...

Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds

... confirmed that there was twice as much egr-1 gene expression in the brain cells of ascending cichlids than in e...ald says. "We didn't expect to get changes in gene expression in the brain so early in the process, just 20 minutes after the male has seen the prospect for socia...

Einstein scientists discover how protein crucial for motion is synthesised at the right place in the cell

...apies. "In cancer," says Dr. Singer, "we know that expression of ZBP1 correlates with benign tumors, while suppression of ZBP1 is associated with metastasis--when motile cancer cells break off from the primary tumor and invade other areas of the body. So a drug that could force tumor cells to express ZBP1 might...

Small molecule inhibitor of cholera discovered

...eborah Hung identified several that turned off the expression of virulence proteins, factors that help the bacteria invade its human host and cause disease. They then showed that the most promising compound prevented cholera bacteria from setting up an infection when introduced into the digestive tract of mice....

New clues to the dark side of a key anti-tumor guardian

... the neurons of adult fruit flies. They found that expression of a so-called "dominant-negative" version of p53--that is, a disfunctional version of the protein that inhibits the activity of normal p53--extended flies' life span and increased their ability to withstand gene-damaging stress. The authors found th...

Polymer gel can block toxic leakage problem in gene therapy

...e (100 times) and significantly increase transgene expression in solid tumors," their study reported. In compar... solution could significantly reduce the transgene expression in the liver and increase the transgene expression in the tumor," they reported. Yuan said he has a...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

...pression, while the other type, MCF7, had a higher expression of IGF1R. The researchers found that the change in the conductance of the antibody-nanotube device was proportional to the number of receptors on the cancer cell surfaces. That is, the BT474 cancer cells, which had less IGF1R on their surfaces, h...

New study expands understanding of the role of RNA editing in gene control

... editing, the result of which is to suppress miRNA expression and its activity. The importance of understanding...or author on the study and a professor in the gene expression and regulation program at The Wistar Institute. "We found that about half of all miRNA precursor mol...

Role of microRNA identified in thyroid cancer

...ed on," registering 11-to-19-fold higher levels of expression in the tumors than in the unaffected tissue nearby...of malignant tissue. "We also discovered miR-221 expression in all of the apparently normal tissue of the patients with PTC, but it was significantly overexpres...

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