exposure 2 7

Tag: "exposure" at biology news

Human trial proves ricin vaccine safe, induces neutralizing antibodies; further tests planned

... the vaccine." Dr. Vitetta noted that, in humans, exposure by aerosol or food may require inducing immunity i... There is no antidote after the first few hours of exposure and, because symptoms do not appear until later and often mimic other illnesses, individuals often d...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

... defects of post-conception origin due to maternal exposure to environmental agents, such as alcohol, rubella, and syphilis, says the March of Dimes Global Report on Birth Defects: The Hidden Toll of Dying and Disabled Children. The report reveals that at least 3.3 million children less than 5 years of age...

Contagious obesity? Identifying the human adenoviruses that may make us fat

...e blood test available that would quickly identify exposure to a suspect virus, Whigham et al. said. More work is needed to develop such a test, Whigham said. ...

Environmental tobacco smoke linked to behavior problems in children and pre-teens

...hildren's Hospital Medical Center study shows that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, even at extremely ...t public health standards to protect children from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke," says Dr. Yolton. Dr. Yolton examined 225 children and pre-teens e...

Infection 'alarm' yields clues to immune system behavior

...receivers. They can pick up the alarm message from exposure to even a very small amount of TNF. This turns out to be a very smart strategy on the part of the cells." He explained that a pricked finger usually generates a very localized fight against infection, involving only nearby cells. If TNF's signal was...

Simple idea to dramatically improve dengue vaccinations

...from one of four closely related viruses. Previous exposure to one of the four ?either by prior infection or by vaccination ?makes people significantly more likely to develop a potentially lethal hemorrhagic infection if they are later infected by one of the other three viruses. "This is a classic case of so...

Newly identified mechanism helps explain why people of African descent are more vulnerable to TB

... production of vitamin D in humans is dependent on exposure to UV light, generally sunlight, and may not have evolved in mice since they are nocturnal animals. "These studies began with a very basic exploration of differences in gene expression in two related human white blood cell types known to be involved...

Immune response to HIV in the brain

...t risk, since the brain is infected soon after HIV exposure and infection." While previous studies had linked end-stage dementia due to HIV to the presence of infected and activated immune cells, the nature of neurological changes in earlier stages of the disease, the so-called "chronic phase," were unknown-...

Experimental vaccine protects nonhuman primates when given after exposure to Marburg virus

...t risk, since the brain is infected soon after HIV exposure and infection." While previous studies had linked end-stage dementia due to HIV to the presence of infected and activated immune cells, the nature of neurological changes in earlier stages of the disease, the so-called "chronic phase," were unknown-...

Ultrasounds show mothers' drinking shrinks fetal brain

...re consistent with other research on fetal alcohol exposure in animals and humans. "The provision of feedback on fetal development as revealed in ultrasonography may be a strategy to encourage heavy drinkers to seek treatment during pregnancy," concludes the study. CDC would like to see intervention effort...

Growth hormone is made in the brain, report scientists

...nteresting interpretation of these results is that exposure to a stressful event increases growth hormone expression in males -- but the increase in females may be dependent on their levels of estrogen at the time," said first author Christine P. Donahue. Donahue, formerly a postdoctoral fellow of Ken Kosik, ...

Genetic and environmental influences on alcohol consumption among rhesus monkeys

...eir social environment and precisely measure their exposure to alcohol, whereas human studies often rely on self-reported consumption patterns." Researchers examined data drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study of genetic and environmental factors affecting the neurobiology, behavior and alcohol consumptio...

Evolutionary biology research techniques predict cancer

... lining the lower esophagus change due to repeated exposure to stomach acid from reflux, a condition often referred to as heartburn. Doctors typically adopt a "wait and watch" approach to treating patients with Barrett's esophagus because the condition only rarely leads to cancer and is difficult to treat sur...

Researchers create pigs that produce heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids

... lining the lower esophagus change due to repeated exposure to stomach acid from reflux, a condition often referred to as heartburn. Doctors typically adopt a "wait and watch" approach to treating patients with Barrett's esophagus because the condition only rarely leads to cancer and is difficult to treat sur...

Skin disease common among Hispanic farmworkers in North Carolina, research shows

...ned skin cancer as a potential health problem, yet exposure to sunlight is a major risk factor for the disease. The interviews also revealed that a common belief among workers is that each individual's personal susceptibility determines whether they will be affected by a condition. "Farmworkers do not acknow...

Marine mammals are on the frontline of failing ocean health

...nt lab work also suggests that long-term, repeated exposure to brevetoxins suppresses respiratory and immune s...to new diseases. "The insidious effect of chronic exposure is what worries me the most," says Bossart. "This infers that you could really open a Pandora's box...

Ocean virus identified in human blood samples

...include meat, seafood, contaminated water, contact exposure and blood transfusions, researchers say. Evidence suggests that Vesiviruses and other disease-causing caliciviruses are world wide, they said. ...

Mice studies illustrate potential of chimp/human antibodies to protect against smallpox

...e 90-microgram dose of 8AH8AL two days after virus exposure experienced only slight weight loss followed by ra...ice that received 5 mg of VIG 48 hours after virus exposure experienced much greater weight loss than those that received the hybrid antibody. "This study dem...

Experimental TB drug effective against resistant and latent mycobacterium tuberculosis

...ple, FAS20013 will kill more organisms in a 4-hour exposure than isoniazid or rifampin can during a 12- to 14-day exposure. Multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has a fatality rate of 20 to 80 percent. In the United States if a person fails to respond to all therapies and doctors cannot bring the ...

Anthrax spores may survive water treatment

...pores. "Under those same conditions, one minute exposure could kill 99.99 percent of other waterborne patho...pply, alternate decontamination protocols (such as exposure to higher concentrations of chlorine or an alternate disinfectant for an extended period of time) ma...

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