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Tag: "exposed" at biology news

When mice choose mates, experience counts

...hat guide mate selection, Pfaff and his colleagues exposed female mice to odors of either a male mouse alone or a male mouse with a female. The females consistently preferred the scent of males linked to other females. "Our data suggest that female mice may use, or even copy, the interests of other females ...

Gene patterns in white blood cells quickly diagnose disease

...determine in a matter of hours if someone has been exposed to a bioterrorism agent just by looking at the pat...r gene expression in unexposed samples. They then exposed the samples to a number of different pathogens (including BTAs) and bacterial toxins and confirmed t...

How taste response is hard-wired into the brain

...he fly brains to watch neuronal response when they exposed the flies to sweet or bitter chemicals They found that a whole range of sweet substances selectively switched-on the Gr5a neurons, while a range of bitter substances switched-on the Gr66a neurons. However, the "sweet neurons" did not respond to bitt...

Tiny RNA molecules fine-tune the brain's synapses

...s dendrites where synapses form. When neurons were exposed to miR-134, spine volume significantly decreased, ...causes dendritic spines to grow. When neurons were exposed to a growth factor known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), this inhibition was overcome a...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

...ontribute to increased vulnerability of men with L exposed to abuse during childhood," suggested Weinberger. "Since only men showed gene effects in several of these circuits, this could lead to a situation where multiple brain control mechanisms are impaired and contribute to manifestly violent behavior, a k...

Study in Science holds promise for a new approach to drug therapy

...ns, hormones and even the light particles they are exposed to. GPCRs are a key part of such signaling cascade...s' outer membrane, with some parts of the receptor exposed to the cell's outside and others exposed to its interior. When a GPCR, for example, binds to its lig...

How 'hot' emotional brain interferes with 'cool' processing

...esonance imaging (fMRI) images of human volunteers exposed to emotional distraction revealed a "see-saw" effe...ze sets of images of three human faces. Next, they exposed the subjects to one of three types of distracters -- emotional images such as injured people or aggr...

Wrinkled membranes create novel drug-delivery system

... to coat the capsules with the nanoparticles. When exposed to a magnetic field, the nanoparticles would cool down and remove heat from the capsules. The capsules would then wrinkle and release the drug. ...

Thin tough skin, slow-growing gills protect larval Antarctic fish

...nal protection, because their skin hasn't yet been exposed to environmental damages, Cheng said. The skin and undeveloped gills, Cziko said, may combine to allow time for antifreeze levels to rise. The production of AFPs did not show much increase in the larval fish until 84 days after hatching, the researc...

Researchers reveal lung's unique innate immune system

...cine. The body's respiratory tract is constantly exposed to inhaled particles or microorganisms. The alveola ?tiny air sacs in the lung where exchanges of gases between the respiratory and circulatory systems takes place ?are protected from invading microbes by the alveolar macrophage. Macrophages are w...

Common enzyme is a key player in DNA repair

...ealed that when bacteria that are missing DinB are exposed to a chemical that causes DNA damage, these bacter...tically identified the genes turned on in bacteria exposed to DNA damaging agents, the so-called SOS response. Kenyon named the damaged-inducible (Din) genes ...

U-M scientists identify major psoriasis susceptibility gene

...ust inherit several disease-related genes, plus be exposed to one or more environmental triggers, in order to get psoriasis. "For every individual with psoriasis who carries the PSORS1 gene, there are 10 other people with the gene who don't get psoriasis," says study director James T. Elder, M.D., Ph.D., a ...

Gene-specific Ebola therapies protect non-human primates from lethal disease

...ion that protected 75 percent of nonhuman primates exposed to the lethal disease. This is the first successful antiviral intervention against filoviruses like Ebola in nonhuman primates. The findings could serve as the basis for a new approach to quickly develop virus-specific therapies for known, emerging, ...

Molecule does more than slice and dice RNA

.... When crystal samples of molecules like Dicer are exposed to x-rays, the x-ray beams are scattered in a way that helps researchers define the overall structure of the crystallized protein, as was the case with Dicer. Knowing how the atoms of specific molecules are arranged permits researchers to tease out t...

Predicting chemotherapy outcome

...in patients with colorectal cancer before they are exposed to chemotherapy. They conclude that knowledge of these networks could potentially be used to improve diagnosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. ...

Advanced genomics and proteomics improve the diagnosis and treatment of a deadly lung disease

.... When crystal samples of molecules like Dicer are exposed to x-rays, the x-ray beams are scattered in a way that helps researchers define the overall structure of the crystallized protein, as was the case with Dicer. Knowing how the atoms of specific molecules are arranged permits researchers to tease out t...

Exposure to volcanic mineral associated with increased mesothelioma incidence in Turkey

...0 years and older in three villages in Turkey ?two exposed to erionite, one control ?for 23 years. During thi...nnual incidence of pleural mesothelioma in the two exposed villages was 200 and 700 cases per 100,000 people annually, compared to a rate of 10 cases per 100,0...

Research details how a virus hijacks cell signals to cause infection

...sible cell receptors called DAF receptors that lie exposed on the upper surface of epithelial cells. After attaching itself to a DAF receptor, the virus triggers two signals that open the door to infection. One signal causes the virus to move into the tight junction, where it can reach the CAR. A second sig...

Bioactive cement scaffold may improve bone grafts

... The natural polymer beads gradually dissolve when exposed to the body's fluids, creating a scaffold that is filled by the now released bone cells. The cement, a calcium phosphate material, is strengthened by adding chitosan, a biopolymer extracted from crustacean shells. The implant is further reinforced t...

Scientists discover a new disease-causing bacterium in an immune-compromised patient

...ged the bacterium as an invader. Researchers also exposed CGD mice to the bacterium, recreating the appearance of the patient's infection. Researchers were then able to retrieve the bacteria from the mice's spleens, which are disease-fighting organs. These factors all support the pathogenic nature of the ...

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