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Tag: "explains" at biology news

Cellular scale drug delivery from the inside out

..." By using externally controlled nanospheres, Lin explains that it may be possible to sequentially release genes, chemical markers and other materials within cells in order to track what happens and what specific changes take place. This phase of Lin's research ties into a larger plant metabolomics project a...

Researchers unlock how cells determine their functions

...cruit Drosophila Ash1 to Ultrabithorax. The paper explains how proteins, known as epigenetic activators (such as Ash1 from the fruit fly Drosophila), bind to their target DNA and activate genes that determine what function a cell will have in the body. "The fact that these epigenetic activators, such as As...

Living taste cells produced outside the body

...t can enhance or block different kinds of tastes," explains principle investigator Nancy Rawson, PhD, a cellular biologist. "In addition, the success of this technique may provide hope for people who have lost their sense of taste due to radiation therapy or tissue damage, who typically lose weight and become...

UW scientists unravel critical genetic puzzle for flu virus replication

...known whether the fragments were coming as a set," explains Kawaoka, whose team conducted the work using a long-studied influenza A virus, the family responsible for regular influenza outbreaks, including such medical calamities as the 1918 influenza pandemic. The fact that the virus requires a systematic -...

Mining for gems in the fungal genome

...lect times during the life cycle of the organism," explains Keller, noting that the compounds can help fungi survive various environmental stressors. Some secondary metabolites have powerful heath effects in humans, such as penicillin, which certain fungi produce in the presence of bacteria. Fungi are als...

A link is found between morphine addiction and the tendency to explore

...e going through the period with the highest risk," explains Doctor Nadal. To determine a rat's level of addiction to morphine, the researchers used the place-conditioning technique. In these tests, a special cage is used that has two very different compartments, with a distinct colour, feel and smell. The an...

New research demonstrates bone-marrow derived stem cells can reverse genetic kidney disease

...acellular matrix and basement membrane proteins, " explains the study's senior author Raghu Kalluri, PhD, chief of the division of matrix biology at BIDMC and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Present throughout the body, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is made of collagens, proteogy...

Scientists design potent anthrax toxin inhibitor

...cule, which permits a firmer bond between the two, explains Dr. Kane. When the inhibitor is bound tightly to PA, the subsequent steps of enzyme entry cannot occur and the toxin is effectively neutralized. The investigators tested the anthrax inhibitor in rats. When given in relatively small doses, injection...

Cell barrier shows why bird flu not so easily spread among humans

...ruses, including avian H5N1 viruses, are present," explains Kawaoka, who also holds an appointment at the University of Tokyo. "But these receptors are rare in the upper portion of the respiratory system. For the viruses to be transmitted efficiently, they have to multiply in the upper portion of the respirat...

Diverse tropical forests defy metabolic ecology models

...eneral shape of the tree size distribution curve," explains first author, Helene Muller-Landau from the University of Minnesota. "So you start to think that there might be some general explanations. But the closer you look, the more differences you find '" differences that can'TMt be captured or even decently...

Sweet 'water taste' paradoxically predicts sweet taste inhibitors

...result of releasing the receptor from inhibition," explains Galindo-Cuspinera. "It is rare to find so complete a molecular explanation for a complex perceptual phenomenon. We can now use sweet water taste as a predictor for potential sweet inhibitors." Sweet inhibitors are used by the food industry to coun...

Manipulating single cell receptor alters animal behavior

...w cells function at the molecular level. Daniels explains that the kidneys and lungs produce enzymes that eventually provoke production of angiotensin. It previously was known that angiotensin has robust behavioral effects on animals, causing them to drink water and consume salt. It was also known that an...

Clock molecule's sensitivity to lithium sheds light on bipolar disorder

...cycle–roughly 24 hours–and keeps the clock going," explains Lazar. Penn colleague and coauthor Peter Klein, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, discovered a few years ago that the drug lithium, used to treat biopolar illness, inhibits GSK3, an enzyme known to regulate circadian rhythm in several animal...

Ticks, flukes, and genomics: Emerging pathogens revealed

...genes linked to different diseases and organisms," explains molecular biologist Julie Dunning Hotopp of TIGR, first author of the PLoS Genetics paper. Because the pathogens causing ehrlichiosis are obligate intracellular bacteria--able to thrive only inside host cells--they are hard to isolate and study in th...

Butterflies lose body fat during metamorphosis

...elize which the Blue Morpho caterpillar feeds on," explains Connor. ...

How nerve cells stay in shape

...deficient nerve cells can still transmit signals," explains Michael Kiebler. In order to determine this, researchers collaborated with Stefan Boehm's group at the Medical University of Vienna's Institute of Pharmacology. Measurements of electrical activity at individual synapses showed impaired signal transmi...

Faster immune system testing set to improve poultry quality

... convince an animal health company to take it on," explains project leader Dr William Ragland of Zagreb Biotek...ut the Slovenes were the only one to be approved," explains Dr Ragland. "The Slovenes are close neighbours with whom we have very good relations and we co-opera...

Attractive birds more immune against bird flu

...important evolutionary race against its diseases," explains Måns Andersson, who directs the research team. In earlier studies, Andersson and Professor Lars Gustafsson have shown that male Gotlandian collared flycatchers with few dangerous blood parasites have larger forehead spots. The new study shows that m...

Why nerve cells work faster than the theory allows

...d his colleagues postulated a new mechanism, which explains how the sodium channels not always open at the same threshold value, but nevertheless open almost simultaneously. When a sodium channel opens, it influences, according to the new model, other sodium channels in the immediate neighborhood ?the channel...

Scientists discover basic defect in cystic fibrosis airway glands

...ive gland secretion in response to certain drugs," explains Joo. "The results of our present study provide evidence that the defective cystic fibrosis gland secretion is not due to a potentially excessive fluid reabsorption pathway within glands but is due to most likely to a lack of fluid secretion from cys...

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