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Tag: "explains" at biology news

First big influenza genome study reveals flu evolution

.... In fact, the researchers report, one such event explains why the 2003-04 flu vaccine offered less protectio...ing genes for at least 11 proteins. This structure explains why the influenza virus constantly reassorts genetically. When two different influenza strains infec...

Max Planck researchers make a breakthrough in plant stem cell research

...hich break the cytokinin signal chain. Jan Lohmann explains that "WUSCHEL supports the cytokinin effect by stopping its negative feedback." That is also the reason for earlier observations, that Arabidopsis samples with defective WUSCHEL genes only develop very small meristems, and have trouble growing. The r...

Researchers quantify more noise in gene expression

...their growth cycle, and this extrinsic variability explains a large component of the noise that must be accounted for in creating a mathematical model of the cell," said Dmitri Volfson, project scientist and a co-author of the study. "In this case, one yeast cell may be preparing to divide, another may be the...

Missing fossil link 'Dallasaurus' found

...e sea and rose to the very top of the food chain," explains Polcyn, director of SMU's Visualization Laboratory, part of the university's geological sciences department. "Starting out as small animals like Dallasaurus, they mastered their new marine environment and rose to become the top predator in their ecos...

Phenotype is influenced by nature, nurture and noise

...n analysis of such fine details of gene regulation explains not only the observed variability of cells, but also, in a larger sense, why identical twins don't necessarily have identical fingerprints," said Hasty. "Given that every potential feature of an organism is ultimately determined at the genetic level,...

Fitting in: Newly evolved genes adopt a variety of strategies to remain in the gene pool

...s the basis for the retention of gene duplicates," explains Dr. Uwe Sauer, principal investigator on the project and Professor at the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. "We show that, at least for yeast metabolism, the persistence of the duplicated ...

Scientist uses form to explain function of key building blocks of life

...the properties of the systems you are looking at," explains Markley. "Proteins are the basic building blocks of life, and are coded for by the genes in DNA. We'd like to be able to start with a gene sequence and predict the structure of a protein and its function. In this case, given an NMR pattern, we can ...

Genes involved in biofilms

...onisation by antibodies and to phagocytosis, which explains the chronic character of these infections, states the author of the PhD. The aim of the PhD was the characterisation of the process of formation of the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Regulating mechanisms unknown to date The starting point fo...

USC researchers track down the stem cells that create feathers

...hich are located in a bulge outside the follicle," explains Cheng-Ming Chuong, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pathology at the Keck School and principal investigator on this study. Feather stem cells are of interest to scientists because of their profound regenerative abilities. A bird in nature molts twice a yea...

Group proves it's possible to grow new lung alveoli by growing new blood vessels

... Doing that involved a new gene therapy technique, explains Dr. Thébaud. Knowing that a particular protein, VEGF, a vascular endothelial growth factor, is crucial for the normal development of the lung, and that angiopoeitin-1, another angiogenic growth factor is crucial for blood vessel maturation, the team ...

Gene expression profile helps predict chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients

...omplete clinical remission following chemotherapy, explains Cannistra.) The expression of 93 genes, collectively referred to as the Chemotherapy Response Profile (CRP), was found to predict which patients would experience a complete response to chemotherapy, as defined by the absence of disease at the time o...

Mouse study: New muscle-building agent beats all previous ones

...ent would come from its effects on other proteins, explains Lee. After five injections over four weeks, mighty mice injected with the new agent had muscles 24 percent larger than their counterparts that didn't get the new agent. "In some ways this was supposed to be a control experiment," says Lee. "We weren...

Scientists fetch useful information from dog genome publications

...or the extensive breakage seen in the dog genome," explains Webber. "Our results demonstrate that dog chromos... dogs have the SINE sequence while others do not," explains Kirkness. "This may have a profound impact on gene expression differences and disease determination...

Dog genome sequenced

...or the extensive breakage seen in the dog genome," explains Webber. "Our results demonstrate that dog chromos... dogs have the SINE sequence while others do not," explains Kirkness. "This may have a profound impact on gene expression differences and disease determination...

Setting the standard for computer models of life

... enormous progress in improving access to models," explains the EMBL-EBI's Nicolas Le Novère, lead author of the paper. "We've begun to share programming languages for encoding them (e.g. systems biology markup language, www.sbml.org ) and to build public repositories so we can share them (e.g. www.ebi.ac.u...

Tropical Atlantic cooling and African deforestation correlate to drought, report scientists

...ve an important effect on African monsoon systems, explains first author Syee Weldeab, a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Earth Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The monsoons are critical to sustaining agriculture in equatorial Africa. Weldeab says that man's reduction of inlan...

'Dating agency' boosts hunt for disease genes

...ate a sort of scientists' dating agency and shop," explains the Director of the Network's archive, Dr Martin Yuille (University of Manchester). "Vetted scientists can find on the website both data and materials about a disease. Then, they can 'date' a collaborator, design an experiment together and make an on...

Picking particles faster than one at a time

...s the molecular weight of what you want to image," explains Umesh Adiga, a member of Glaeser's laboratory and a staff scientist in the Physical Biosciences Division. Molecular weight roughly corresponds to the number of atoms in the molecule. "So for a molecule with half a million atoms, you need a million pa...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...d previously hidden global toll of birth defects," explains Dr. Jennifer L. Howse, president of the March of Dimes. "This is a serious, vastly unappreciated and under-funded public health problem." "The human toll of birth defects is even greater when one considers the impact of lifelong disability on child...

HIV accessory protein disables host immunity via receptor-protein intermediary

...is really an intermediary between Vpr and PARP-1," explains Weiner. Weiner cites several potential clinical implications of this basic research. These findings show an immune function that had not been previously attributed to the glucocorticoid receptor. "With additional study this research may provide appr...

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