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Tag: "explains" at biology news

Scientists crack 40-year-old DNA puzzle and point to 'hot soup' at the origin of life

A new theory that explains why the language of our genes is more complex than...nd Huan-Lin Wu on the theory. "This simple theory explains many unresolved features of the current genetic code. No one has ever been able to do this before, s...

Master regulatory gene found that guides fate of blood-producing stem cells

... occur because more and more stem cells are made," explains Emerson. In conditions like bone-marrow failure, the second scenario-two differentiated cells and no HCSs-happens because the body runs out of HSCs. "We want to figure out how this process is normally regulated in the body, so that we can learn to c...

Plants reveal a secret and bring researchers nearer a cleaner future

...otein present in the investigated spinach sample", explains Pieter Glatzel, head of beamline ID26, where the experiments were carried out. The researchers measured the fluorescence from the sample that is emitted after excitation with X-rays. They flashed the sample with a laser and registered the change us...

A bug's life: Exceptional genomic stability yet rapid protein evolution in a carpenter ant mutualist

...of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversity," explains Wernegreen. "Microbial symbionts in particular have been major evolutionary catalysts throughout the 4 billion years of life on earth and have largely shaped the evolution of complex organisms." Symbiotic bacteria live in root nodules of leguminous ...

Scientists characterize proteome of human cornea

...e most important cause of blindness in the world," explains study author Dr. Jan J. Enghild of the University of Aarhus in Denmark. "Corneal infections by bacteria, fungi, or viruses are common disorders that can lead to corneal opacification. A group of inherited corneal disorders including granular and latt...

New classification of eukaryotes has implications for AIDS treatment, agriculture and beyond

...th century, is now known not to be a fungus, which explains why fungicides are not effective treatments. 3) Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, is now known to share ancestry with photosynthetic organisms and has a vestigial chloroplast, called the apicoplast. This knowledge opens exciting possibiliti...

Chernobyl: The true scale of the accident

...lout really resulted from the Chernobyl accident," explains Dr. Burton Bennett, chairman of the Chernobyl Foru...e healthy and productive lives that are possible," explains Louisa Vinton, Chernobyl focal point at the UNDP. "We are advising our partner governments that they...

New antifreeze protein found in fleas may allow longer storage of transplant organs

... and lose their structure at higher temperatures," explains Dr Davies, Canada Research Chair in Protein Engineering. "This means that if used to store organs for transplants, they will be cleared from a person's system very quickly, reducing the possibility of harmful antibodies forming." An ancient species ...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

...s of tightly packed chains of polymerized sugars," explains study author Dr. Vincent G. H. Eijsink of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. "It is synthesized by different crustaceans, mollusks, algae, insects, fungi and yeasts and is a major structural component of these organisms. For example, chitin g...

The earliest animals had human-like genes

...s are typically more complex than those of flies," explains Bork. "Classically-studied species like flies have far fewer introns, so many scientists have believed that genes have become more complex over the course of evolution. There have already been speculations that this may not be true, but proof was m...

Normal chromosome ends elicit a limited DNA damage response

...instability, which is a hallmark of cancer cells," explains Karlseder. "This demonstrates the importance of telomeres in preserving genome integrity and preventing cancer development." ...

Einstein scientists discover how protein crucial for motion is synthesised at the right place in the cell

...ted into protein before reaching its destination," explains Dr. Singer. "On arriving at the cell periphery, the messenger RNA/ZBP1 complex encounters an enzyme, the protein kinase Src, which is active only in that part of the cell. Src adds a phosphate group to ZBP1 close to where it binds to messenger RNA, a...

Life in deadly conditions

...ld be significantly simplified. Dieter Oesterhelt explains that "the comparison with other halophile archaea we have studied shows that these organisms have a high plasticity with which they can adapt to the varying, extreme environmental conditions. The frugality of Natronomonas pharaonis, with the possibil...

Breath of the dragon: ERS-2 and Envisat reveal impact of economic growth on China's air quality

...e is a clear and significant increase over China," explains John Burrows of the University of Bremen's Institute of Environmental Physics, SCIAMACHY's Principal Investigator. "Before SCIAMACHY was flying we previously retrieved NO2 data from its precursor instrument, GOME on ESA's ERS-2 mission. Although GO...

A little telomerase isn't enough

... failure of telomerase to lengthen these telomeres explains why successive generations develop the physical sy...and the more likely the transplant is to succeed," explains Greider. To engineer the half-telomerase mice, Ling-Yang Hao, then a graduate student, knocked out ...

Toasty oat aroma influenced by presence of health-linked polyphenols

...products the process needs to proceed. Peterson explains that the Maillard reaction not only produces desir...products the process needs to proceed. Peterson explains that the Maillard reaction not only produces desirable changes, such as a golden brown color and toa...

Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy fixes frail muscle cells in animal model, Stanford study finds

...ntly no effective treatment for the disease, which explains why gene therapy remains a hope despite the significant hurdles. Rando said the PNAS paper highlights an additional requirement for any gene therapy to be successful: the introduced gene must produce healthy dystrophin protein in large quantities in...

Bacteria which sense the Earth's magnetic field

...osome vesicles scattered themselves about. It also explains why, as soon as they grow to a particular size, the magnetic crystals clump together in mutant bacteria. The scientists speculate that the MamJ protein develops, on one hand, on the surface of the magnetosome, and on the other hand, on the newly-dis...

Chemical compound inhibits tumor growth, size in new mouse study

...products the process needs to proceed. Peterson explains that the Maillard reaction not only produces desir...products the process needs to proceed. Peterson explains that the Maillard reaction not only produces desirable changes, such as a golden brown color and toa...

Nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanotubes: How tiny specks may provide powerful tools against cancer

...ases remaining from the originally treated tumor," explains co-author Eric Wickstrom, Ph.D., of Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. "This could be cost-effective and could diagnose whether cells are cancerous or not in a matter of minutes versus hours or days with curre...

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