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Tag: "explains" at biology news

UGA study explains peaks and troughs of dengue epidemics

...our viral strains, or serotypes, that cause dengue explains the timing of epidemics. "We found that since about the mid 1980s, there's been a sequential replacement of the dominant serotype," said lead author Helen Wearing, a post-doctoral researcher at the UGA Institute of Ecology. "So, for example, one ye...

Dartmouth study finds that arsenic inhibits DNA repair

...ul effects of smoking or other exposures." Andrew explains that in regions of the United States where the rock contains higher levels of arsenic, the greater the likelihood that drinking water sources contain some potential adverse levels of the toxin. While the levels of arsenic in municipal water systems a...

What's shaped like a pear and has 2 genomes? Check the pond

...issue of Public Library of Science (PLoS) Biology, explains the organism's impressive versatility. Rather than dividing labor into several types of cells, as humans and other multicellular organisms do, T. thermophila divides its activities, either into different places inside a cell or by changing the cell...

Study finds how organs monitor themselves during early development

...anding of how a gonad such as the ovary develops," explains Dr. Ruth Lehmann, Ph.D., Julius Raynes Professor o...ndamental principles of biology and body function, explains Dr. Gilboa. "Drosophila inspires scientists in other fields and they can build on those general prin...

Mushrooms as good an antioxidant source as more colorful veggies

...obert Beelman, professor of food science. Dubost explains that assays are a first step toward determining how effective a food is in providing protection against oxidative damage. Anti-oxidants inhibit increased rates of oxidation, which can damage proteins, lipids carbohydrates and DNA. She adds, "The O...

Radiation-killed bacteria vaccine induces broad immune response in mice

...rt powder, could be reconstituted just before use, explains Dr. Raz, thereby eliminating the cold chain requirement. It is also possible that a strategy based on irradiation-inactivated whole pathogens could rapidly yield vaccines against such bacterial diseases as typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis and other...

Robotic joystick reveals how brain controls movement

...fine movements. The requirement for time and error explains why repetition of simple movements day after day is used routinely in rehabilitating partially paralyzed stroke patients and those with other brain injuries. To test the need for time in mastering muscle control, the research team designed a simple ...

New approach to vaccine development provides potent, long-lasting immunity

...fine movements. The requirement for time and error explains why repetition of simple movements day after day is used routinely in rehabilitating partially paralyzed stroke patients and those with other brain injuries. To test the need for time in mastering muscle control, the research team designed a simple ...

Mechanism identified for promising neurological drug

...gy at the University of California, San Francisco, explains that the study links two previous biological observations. The first is that PARP-1, a protein found in every cell, becomes activated whenever a cell's DNA is damaged. Depending on the nature and extent of the damage, PARP-1 can trigger either DNA re...

Montreal researchers identify defects of immune cells

...cts which trigger candidiasis are very promising," explains Dr. de Repentigny. "This new knowledge will be instrumental in designing more powerful and effective treatments, which will directly improve the health status of HIV-infected patients who suffer from candidiasis. Defective CD4+ T lymphocytes have lon...

Magnetism and mimicry of nature hold hope for better medicine, environmental safety

...acteria, viruses and chemicals present in liquids, explains Antonio Garcia, a professor in the Harrington Department of Bioengineering in ASU's Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering. The new method holds hope for significant improvements in such areas as prognosis and diagnosis of medical conditions and in te...

Spinal cord bridge bypasses injury to restore mobility

... as "trucks stuck in mud going no where." It also explains why some people gain some movement back or come out of comas after many years as the nerve fibers sprout through weakened or remodeled areas of the scar. About 16 years ago, Silver also made another find that proteoglycans, a sugary protein, is pre...

Researchers uncover new mechanism of tumor suppressor

...versity have discovered a molecular mechanism that explains how cells respond to DNA damage and other acute stresses, and if disrupted can cause cancer. Their findings, which could lead to new diagnostic markers and cancer treatments with fewer side effects, will appear in two reports in the May 21 advanced o...

Novel therapy combinations gain ground in treating hepatitis

...esponsible for a second hit in viral hepatitis and explains why some patients develop acute liver failure and death in this setting," said William M. Lee, M.D., of the UT Southwestern Medical Center in Texas, and senior study author. "Warnings regarding use of acetaminophen should be clearly communicated to p...

Researchers seek to solve mystery of natural HIV control

...laborative Study is to identify the mechanism that explains control of viral replication in both of these groups, " says Florencia Pereyra, MD, of PARC, lead coordinator of the research team. "We want to use that knowledge to develop a first-generation HIV vaccine, which may not cure or prevent infection but ...

Ammonia-loving archaea win landslide majority

...ne alongside the same type of gene from bacteria," explains Schleper. The tally suggested that copies of the archaeal gene in the soil samples were up to 3,000 times more abundant than copies of the bacterial gene. High amounts of lipids specific to crenarchaeota confirmed the organism's presence. At ...

When the going gets tough, slime molds start synthesizing

...developmental transformation. The collaboration, explains co-senior author Joe Noel, Ph.D, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Salk, "shows the power of a combined approach involving bioinformatics, enzymology, structural biology and genetics to get at the heart of why organisms exploit natura...

Life and death in the hippocampus: what young neurons need to survive

...and died at a specific stage of their maturation," explains Gage. " The NMDA receptor modulates synapse formation and determines what pattern of input activity new neurons receive, which in turn determines survival or death." Combining mouse genetics and gene transfer techniques, Gage and a team headed by f...

Heal thyself: Systems biology model reveals how cells avoid becoming cancerous

...ing until now is a 'systems biology' approach that explains how all the parts function together to enable a cell to repair its DNA while under routine assault." UCSD post-doctoral fellow Christopher T. Workman, Ph.D. candidate Craig Mak, and technicians Scott McCuine and Maya Agarwal analyzed the effect of ...

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...ues has now found that CYLD has a second role that explains its ability to keep tumors at bay. The enzyme chemically modifies the cancer-promoting protein Bcl-3, first identified in connection with some forms of leukemia. That modification bars the oncogenic protein's entry into the cell nucleus, the central...

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