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Tag: "expansion" at biology news

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

...o proteins-BMP4 and Id-in causing proliferation or expansion of pancreatic progenitors. Hong Hua, a postdoctora...igm of signaling that explains the balance between expansion and differentiation of pancreatic epithelial progenitors. "The complications of diabetes mellitus i...

DNA to the defense

...hat T. brucei has used a strategy of chromosomal expansion to diversify its repertoire of VSG genes. Most of these genes are concentrated in subtelomeric regions, which in T. brucei , are hemizygous: only one copy of this region is present in the chromosome. In contrast, the gene-rich cores of T. bruc...

Massive duplication of genes may solve Darwin's 'abominable mystery' about flowering plants

...flower development, are known to have undergone an expansion through duplication that was critical to the evolution of angiosperm flowers. A whole-genome duplication explains the sudden emergence of novel traits better than a series of single-gene duplications, explains dePamphilis. "Some of the MADS-box gen...

Expanding waistlines triggered by your genes

...ees expanding fat cells, allowing their spread and expansion underneath the skin. The study illustrates a relationship between the gene and obesity and metabolism. The MT1-MMP gene is specifically important in regulation of fat cell size and metabolic gene expression. When the gene function was deleted, mice ...

Stem cell expansion

...intenance and had shown some promise for stem cell expansion in mice. To investigate the potential of HOXB4 treatment for HSC expansion before transplantation in humans, Kiem and colleagues therefore turned to nonhuman primates, an esta...

Study suggests evolutionary link between diet, brain size in orangutans

...o our ancestors, our lineage underwent a threefold expansion of brain size in a few million years." In their study, Taylor and van Schaik focused on several varieties of orangutans, an endangered primate closely related to humans. Members of the orang species inhabiting Sumatra, called Pongo abelii, live i...

History-hunting geneticists can still follow familiar trail

...oute of major events in human history, such as the expansion of Neolithic farmers into Europe, and the settlement of the New World." MtDNA has made headlines recently because of initiatives such as the National Genographic Project, a multimillion-dollar endeavor to reconstruct humanity's ancient migrations,...

China's environmental challenges

...ine the ecological consequences of the rapid urban expansion of Shanghai as well as the state of biodiversity in China's mountains. Focusing on major cities such as Shanghai, Shuqing Zhao (Peking University) and colleagues discuss the major challenges faced by Chinese policy makers in managing the tradeoffs b...

Bacteria that use radiated water as food

... to useable energy. The discovery is a confirmed expansion of Earth's biosphere, the three-dimensional shell that encompasses all planetary life. The research has less Earthly implications, however. It will likely fuel optimism that life exists in other deep subsurface environments, such as in groundwater ...

Edge density key to controlling gypsy moth spread

...ss the boundaries. The model showed that no pulsed expansion exists for populations unaffected by the Allee eff...ver, when the it is a factor, not only does pulsed expansion occur, but it mimics the historic pulses of the gypsy moth population from 1960 to 2002 found in the...

Proteins may behave differently in natural environments

...lown up like a balloon," he said. "This sort of expansion has never been observed before," he said. In te...ok at the chaperone itself more closely. "The expansion was directly related to the function of the assembly. From a more global perspective, this is strong...

Malaria may fuel spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

... Conversely, HIV may play a role in the geographic expansion of malaria in Africa because HIV-infected persons ...laria-infection rates and may have facilitated the expansion of malaria in Africa," said Kublin, an HIV/AIDS scientist in the Hutchinson Center's Clinical Resear...

Reef warns of sea level rise

...shows that sea levels rose not only because of the expansion of the oceans due to warming, which can account for ~1/2 metre of sea level rise, but also because it indicates that relatively large scale melting of landbased icesheets occurred in Greenland or the Antarctic. It is the very rapid rise in sea level...

'Super' enzyme may lead way to better tumor vaccines

...mune response, which in the case of cancer, is the expansion of T-cells," said Dr. David Spencer, associate professor of immunology at BCM. "The longer your dendritic cells are alive and active, the more likely you are to expand the appropriate T-helper repertoire and ultimately the desirable cytotoxic (cell ...

Ultrathin films deliver DNA as possible gene therapy tool

...ic mechanical forces associated with placement and expansion of stents," Lynn says. He and his colleagues have also demonstrated gene delivery to cells grown in a dish. In preliminary experiments conducted in collaboration with Matthew Wolff, Timothy Hacker, and Jose Torrealba in the UW School of Medicine a...

Living with water scarcity -- world must act now

...th in water withdrawals to 13% and cultivated land expansion to 9%. But, further complicating the situation are effects of climate change, and the increased use of biofuels, and the necessary actions to address these. "The bottom line is that water scarcity is with us to stay, and we have to learn to live ...

Xie Lab demonstrates the role of microRNA pathway

... control stem cell functions in vivo and stem cell expansion in vitro." "We are in the process of identifying the microRNAs that are important for stem cell self-renewal," said Dr. Xie. "Understanding the mechanisms controlling stem cell self-renewal will be crucial to our developing the ability to expand s...

Selective marker found to indicate aggressive form of breast cancer

...unt of nestin, which likely represents an abnormal expansion of the basal epithelia." DiRenzo said. "If it is indeed specific to regenerative cells, then it will make for an excellent diagnostic tool for a cancer of regenerative mammary cells." According to the DiRenzo, another important next step will be f...

Uniform language for describing genes of pathogenic and beneficial microbes

...national group of scientists has announced a major expansion of a lingua franca used to describe the activities of genes in living organisms. The expansion provides terms that scientists can use to describe the complex events that occur when a pathogenic o...

Fused nasal bones helped tyrannosaurids dismember prey

...eeth and skulls, enlarged areas for attachment and expansion of jaw muscles and the consequent ability to bite deeply in the bone. Snively's team found that fused tyrannosaurid nasals were stronger than unfused carnosaur nasals. This extensive fusion increased the strength of such dinosaurs as the T. rex a...

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