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Tag: "evolution" at biology news

Patterns in genome organization may partially explain how microbial cells work

...-author of the analysis. "These findings show that evolution of prokaryotes [organisms that lack nuclei] is constrained not just by variations in the content of genes, but also by the intricate ways in which those genes are arranged on chromosomes." A bacterial cell usually operates with one copy of its genom...

Sequencing our seas

...ach transformed what we know about the ecology and evolution of microbial life in the ocean," he said. Earth's microbes help clean water and air and regenerate nutrients used by all life. Planktonic microbes, microscopic organisms that float freely in the oceans, help maintain environmental balance and drive ...

K-State researchers study gene regulation in insects

...y at Kansas State University, is interested in how evolution generates so much diversity in insects shapes and forms. Take the fruit fly and the beetle, for example. Even though they look very different, they have the same segmented body plan consisting of head, thorax and abdomen, Brown said. They differ, th...

Scaled-down genome may power up E. coli's ability in lab, industry

...y at Kansas State University, is interested in how evolution generates so much diversity in insects shapes and forms. Take the fruit fly and the beetle, for example. Even though they look very different, they have the same segmented body plan consisting of head, thorax and abdomen, Brown said. They differ, th...

Wyoming cloud seeding experiment begins this month

...ach transformed what we know about the ecology and evolution of microbial life in the ocean," he said. Earth's microbes help clean water and air and regenerate nutrients used by all life. Planktonic microbes, microscopic organisms that float freely in the oceans, help maintain environmental balance and drive ...

Intelligently designed molecular evolution

...t Berkeley have developed a technique in which the evolution of an important class of proteins is steered towar...e application of the theory of divergent molecular evolution to promiscuous enzymes would enable us to design enzymes with greater specificity and higher activit...

Vaccine provides 100 percent protection against avian flu virus in animal study

...ach transformed what we know about the ecology and evolution of microbial life in the ocean," he said. Earth's microbes help clean water and air and regenerate nutrients used by all life. Planktonic microbes, microscopic organisms that float freely in the oceans, help maintain environmental balance and drive ...

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

...en was a relatively recent invention in vertebrate evolution that unites us with reptiles, amphibians, sharks and bony fishes, while the lamprey skeleton was based on quite different proteins," said Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and associate professor with the UF departments of zoology and ana...

Researchers map of genetic variations implicated in disease

...cing these medical traits and to shed light on the evolution of the MHC. Access to complete sequences across several MHC haplotypes that exhibit differences in disease susceptibility will help researchers to home in on specific variants (susceptibility alleles) and to rule out regions contributing to a given d...

Newly identified mechanism helps explain why people of African descent are more vulnerable to TB

...les found on pathogens, which has been retained in evolution from fruit flies to humans. A set of receptors on macrophages in humans called Toll-like receptors contribute to innate immune responses. The researchers describe a novel pathway used by human macrophages that may be critical to resisting infection w...

Minimal genome should be twice the size, study shows

...mentalists to construct minimal genomes by gradual evolution in the laboratory." Similar methods might also be...es Research Council. 'Chance and necessity in the evolution of minimal metabolic networks' will be published in Nature on 30 March 2006. ...

Pitt professor's theory of evolution gets boost from cell research

... theories that suggest that the Darwinian model of evolution as continual and gradual adaptation to the environ...ave not been found because they don't exist, since evolution is not necessarily gradual but often sudden, dramatic expressions of change that began on the cellul...

'Banana-jawed' fossil mammal linked to rare sound-producing skill

...fossils, as part of his main research focus on the evolution of primates leading up to humans. During these explorations in the "Badlands of Egypt," his group collected enough specimens of Thyrohyrax to allow a systematic analysis of its jaws. "Paleontologists have known of the internal mandibular fenestra am...

'Accelerated evolution' converts RNA enzyme to DNA enzyme in vitro

...DNA were prepared, and repeated cycles of in vitro evolution were carried out. The result was a deoxyribozyme w... as the original ribozyme. "The use of in vitro evolution provides the means to convert a ribozyme to a corresponding deoxyribozyme rapidly," Joyce said. "In ...

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

...en was a relatively recent invention in vertebrate evolution that unites us with reptiles, amphibians, sharks and bony fishes, while the lamprey skeleton was based on quite different proteins," said Martin Cohn, Ph.D., a developmental biologist and associate professor with the UF departments of zoology and ana...

Sexual reproduction delays aging in a mammalian species

...e unexpected new information for understanding the evolution of life histories, and they shed new light on the old question of the connection between sexual activity and aging. Furthermore, as the authors argue, Cryptomys anselli could become a valuable new model organism for the study of the mechanisms that u...

'Uniquely human' component of language found in gregarious birds

..., "may have represented a critical juncture in the evolution of the human language faculty." They also noted that vocal learners, such as songbirds, might have produced different results. "When I saw that study I was not convinced of the significance of the failure of the monkeys," said Howard Nusbaum, chair...

Evolutionary biology research techniques predict cancer

... ecosystems, packed with wildly different species, evolution whizzes along. As different species accumulate mutations, some adapt particularly well to their environment and prosper. It happens in marine sediments, mountain forests ?and, as a new study illustrates, in precancerous tumors, too. In a study publi...

Researchers create pigs that produce heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids

... ecosystems, packed with wildly different species, evolution whizzes along. As different species accumulate mutations, some adapt particularly well to their environment and prosper. It happens in marine sediments, mountain forests ?and, as a new study illustrates, in precancerous tumors, too. In a study publi...

Mute swan population helps explain longstanding evolutionary question

...s 25-year study of the selection, inheritance, and evolution in the mute swan population of Abbotsbury, England, yielded data on clutch size consistent with the direction predicted by evolutionary theory. "In this study population, clutch size shows a clear response to selection, providing us with a clear ill...

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