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Tag: "evolution" at biology news

Evolution of taste receptor may have shaped human sensitivity to toxic compounds

...utes to the debate on the mechanisms governing the evolution of chemical sensory perception and on the role of diet as a selective force in human evolution. ...

Biologists determine genetic blueprint of social amoeba

...l organisms have been conserved or adapted through evolution in humans and other organisms. "The cells which gave rise to plants and animals had more types of genes available to them than are presently found in either plants or animals," explains William Loomis, a professor of biology at UCSD and one of the k...

Tufts researchers shine light on firefly mysteries

... their sperm's competitive ability have led to the evolution of chemicals produced by their reproductive glands. These chemicals kill the sperm of other males that have mated with the same female but they are also toxic to the female -- hence conflict." In a collaborative research effort with insect physiolog...

Disease diagnosis, bioengineering covered at state nano summit

Research into the evolution of protein design by a University of Houston professor will be featured among nearly 20 presentations at the 2005 Nano Summit Research Conference July 28. Kurt L. Krause, an associate professor of biology and biochemistry at UH, will give a presenta...

Variation in HIV's ability to disable host defenses contributes to rapid evolution

...enses and viral countermeasures contribute to that evolution is vital. Host cells produce two proteins that mu... and this could in turn potentially accelerate the evolution of HIV. Within a single patient, some versions of Vif don't work at all; others counteract only one...

Scientists track stealth DNA elements in primate evolution

...these elements have played a crucial role in human evolution by surreptitiously spawning hyperactive progeny co...ides the first strong mechanistic evidence for the evolution of Alu elements to date. It appears in the May issue of the journal Genome Research. Alu elements a...

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

...rising results about the rate at which chromosomal evolution occurs. Based on an analysis that included a compu...mammals, researchers found the rate of chromosomal evolution among mammals dramatically accelerated following the extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million ye...

Drawing with DNA: 'Bioart' illuminates genomics

...ne becomes what one is, the project explores human evolution by examining similarities ?a.k.a. "homology" ?between genes from human beings and a target organism, in this case the rice plant. "We are living in a time when we are generating enormous amounts of genetic data," said West, who trained as a microbio...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

...en "conserved" from one organism to another during evolution play a biological role, or they would have been discarded as organisms evolved. By introducing the conserved segments into cells similar to osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), the team found that a 250-base-pair conserved region named ECR5 was able to ...

Looks matter to female barn swallows

...The results of the study have implications for the evolution and upkeep of showy ornamental traits -- such as a peacock's tail or a deer's antlers -- that are costly for males to maintain but give them an edge over rival males. "If females are assessing mates on a day-to-day basis, it explains why males contin...

'Jumping genes' contribute to the uniqueness of individual brains

...which explains how they potentially play a role in evolution by passing on new insertions to future generations. "But nobody has ever demonstrated mobility convincingly in cells other than germ line cells," says Gage. Apart from their activity in testis and ovaries, jumping L1 elements are not only unique to ...

Carnegie Mellon University research reveals how cells process large genes

...conserved over tens of millions of years of insect evolution and also appears likely to occur in humans, according to the investigators. "While some scientists have suspected that large introns might not be removed in one piece through direct splicing, no one had identified how this could happen. Now we have...

Reversal of role for a viral protein associated with the development of lymphoma

...conserved over tens of millions of years of insect evolution and also appears likely to occur in humans, according to the investigators. "While some scientists have suspected that large introns might not be removed in one piece through direct splicing, no one had identified how this could happen. Now we have...

Analysis of flower genes reveals the fate of an ancient gene duplication

...arate copies--is thought to play a key role in the evolution of new gene functions. Duplications are important ... functions can evolve, thereby contributing to the evolution of genetic complexity and the evolution of sophisticated life forms. Very many such gene-duplicatio...

Mechanism regulating tooth shape formulation found

...olutionary developmental studies of mammals, whose evolution is best known from their teeth, is how their tooth shape is altered during development. Researchers of the University of Helsinki together with their Japanese colleagues from the University of Kioto now propose a 'balance of induction' mechanism dire...

Envisat and ERS-2 reveal hidden side of Hurricane Rita

... will facilitate better understanding of hurricane evolution and intensification. "Radar images penetrate through clouds and can easily detect the eye replacement cycle of hurricanes which are precursors to further intensification." Rita was a maximum Category Five on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale whe...

MERIS monitoring tracks planetary photosynthesis levels

...of the Earth, and is used to monitor the state and evolution of the planetary vegetation cover. In particular the instrument's standard Level-2 product on land, known as the MERIS Global Vegetation Index (MGVI) provides FAPAR values based on reflected radiation from the Earth's land surface. EC-JRC is responsi...

York scientists warn of dramatic impact of climate change on Africa

...because it works in a similar way to the effect of evolution on chromosomes ?the programme combines different variables in lots of different ways and the bad fits are knocked out, leaving the best solutions." The York team collaborated with the Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants in Bonn and the South A...

Insight into our sight: A new view on the evolution of the eye lens

The evolution of complex and physiologically remarkable structur...the lens. This strongly suggests that prior to the evolution of the lens, there was a regulatory link between two tiers of genes: those that would later become r...

Researchers create functioning artificial proteins using nature's rules

...the lab, but to discover the rules that nature and evolution have used to design proteins," Dr. Ranganathan said. "The rules we have extracted from the evolutionary record of proteins contain a substantial fraction of the information required to rebuild modern-day proteins. We're building solutions so close th...

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