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Tag: "every" at biology news

Wisconsin scientists grow critical nerve cells

...s from the brain and spinal cord, dictating almost every movement in the body from the wiggling of a toe to the rolling of an eyeball. The new development could one day help victims of spinal-cord injuries, or pave the way for novel treatments of degenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ...

Protein discovery could unlock the secret to better TB treatment

...ous TB of the lungs infects around 10 to 15 people every year. In a study published on 1st March 2005 in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, a combined team discovered the structure of a protein known as resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf). Five versions of the Rpf protein exist in TB bacteria. Th...

Timing is everything: First step in protein building revealed

...e ribosome's pieces and activities. But unraveling every what,when, where, why, who and how is no small task -- roughly 27 bits likeeIF1 play a role at one point or another. To tackle the problem, Lorschand his colleagues move between "timing" studies of the ribosome'smolecular comings and goings, and gene...

Tiny particles could solve billion-dollar problem

...er. CBEN's team hopes to drive down costs by using every ounce of palladium to maximum efficiency, and by eliminating drilling costs for new wells, construction costs for surface treatment facilities and energy costs of lifting water to the surface. Nanotechnology is critical to the scheme because only a ...

Scientists detect probable genetic cause of some Parkinson's disease cases

... the gene LRRK2appears to occur in at least one of every 60 people who have thedisease. Overall, the mutation could be responsible for up to 5 percentof Parkinson's disease in people with a family history of the disorderand may account for 1½ to 2 percent of cases in individuals who do nothave a family his...

Combination therapy boosts effectiveness of telomere-directed cancer cell death

...ey rolein controlling the life span of cells. With every cell division,telomeres get a bit shorter until eventually they become so short thatthe enzymes that copy DNA for cell division no longer work properly andthe cell stops dividing. In a sense, telomeres function as a kind ofcounting mechanism that reg...

GATA: a graphic alignment tool for comparative sequence analysis

...ey rolein controlling the life span of cells. With every cell division,telomeres get a bit shorter until eventually they become so short thatthe enzymes that copy DNA for cell division no longer work properly andthe cell stops dividing. In a sense, telomeres function as a kind ofcounting mechanism that reg...

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...nds of the fish for parasites, taking measurements every 2 to 4 km. The fish start in the rivers and head to sea, traveling en masse in large mixed schools. Thus the scientists could see the effect on the salmon as they moved toward the farm. They found that the juvenile salmon carried almost no sea lice p...

Color-blind method opens new doors in DNA sequencing

...urate than current methods. DNA in the nucleus of every human cell is made of long chains of building blocks called nucleotides. DNA is made up of just four types of nucleotides ?referred to as A, C, G and T ?and is organized in such a way that A binds T and G binds C, forming a double helical structure. ...

Female sex hormones play a vital role in defense against sexually transmitted diseases

...ne. Work in this area is important because one in every four sexually active adults is seropositive for HSV-2 and women are much more susceptible than men. "The results directly indicate that the hormonal conditions that provide protection against primary exposure to sexually transmitted viral infections...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...activator Gal4-VP16 to initiate HIV transcription, every one of the 11 TAFs studied appeared. None of them did so in the presence of Tat, suggesting that Tat-mediated HIV transcription doesn't rely on TAFs. Green and colleagues confirmed this hypothesis in experiments showing that Tat-driven transcription ...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

...ease, have oneabnormal copy of the gene for NF1 in every cell in their body, whilespecific support cells in the brain called astrocytes have two abnormalcopies of this same gene.Their latest paper shows that brain tumor formation in these mice hasseveral of the same distinguishing clinical characteristics ...

Spider Venom Could Yield Eco-Friendly Insecticides

...llion pounds of pesticides are sprayed in the U.S. every year. That's four pounds per person. A millionth of a pound can sometimes be deadly. And the chemical toxins that currently end up in the food and water supply pose a serious threat to animals, fish, and birds," says King, a research scientist at the...

Weill Cornell Research Reveals Secrets Of Trafficking Within Cells

...biquitous protein called clathrin, found in nearly every cell type. "From our previous work in brain synapses, we've learned that endocytosis is a machine that really runs quite fast, and in this latest study we were trying to figure out what those speed limits are, especially with regard to varying amoun...

New Study from Affymetrix Laboratories Points to Changing View of How Genome Works

...used high-density GeneChip(R) microarrays to study every fifth base, on average, of 10 human chromosomes; t...t ultimately control the structure and function of every cell in the body. Most disease research has focused on studying these protein-coding genes, even tho...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

... off using RNAi. They then used RNAi to inactivate every one of the worms' 19,000 genes by feeding the worms bacteria that produce double-stranded RNA for each gene. Inactivation of about 90 genes caused the worms to glow, indicating that those genes were essential to the RNAi process that had been suppres...

Same mutation aided evolution in many fish species, Stanford study finds

...nary adaptation in disparate populations. "Almost every time the stickleback evolves in fresh water it loses the armor," said David Kingsley, PhD, professor of developmental biology and lead author of the study. "Although the trait evolved many times all over the world, nature uses the same gene each time...

Studies reveal methods viruses use to sidestep immune system

...mans. Viruses have co-evolved with their hosts, so every time we have evolved a gene with a new function that allows us to fight off a virus, the virus adapts and comes up with a new function of its own to counteract our defenses." Further defining how RNA viruses target and control host immune defenses w...

Nano-Probes Allow an Inside Look at Cell Nuclei

...ed and applied it to a problem faced by biologists every day ?getting inside the nucleus, a desirable target because the cell's genetic information resides there," says Chen. First, they had to breach the nuclear membrane, which has pores that are only about 20 nanometers wide. To fit through these tiny s...

DNA Recombination and Repair—A New Twist to RecA Function

... molecule hydrolyzed 20 ATPs per minute—or one ATP every three seconds. If ATP hydrolysis occurred randomly...ld expect a RecA molecule to dissociate about once every 1.5 seconds, or 40 RecA molecules to dissociate per minute. But this is not what the authors found—i...

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