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Tag: "essential" at biology news

Stormy days ahead for coral reefs

...ral assemblages respond to the power of the sea is essential for understanding the natural distribution of cora...n the reef. These new models provide us with that essential tool." ...

Smoking changes brain chemistry

...tly involved in cell membrane metabolism, which is essential for cardiac and brain function. Reduced choline levels can be a precursor to the breakdown of cell membranes. Concentration of total creatine (tCr) levels in the frontal lobes was typically higher in the smokers who did not use patches compared to...

Bacterial protein shows promise in treating intestinal parasites

...t crystal proteins not only meet, but exceed these essential criteria." The discovery is particularly relevant to global health, because of concerns about the potential emergence of resistance in human intestinal nematodes to currently available medicines. "There are only a few new agents under development...

New finding points way to foiling anthrax's tricks

...nsferrin. These scavengers, or "siderophores," are essential to anthrax's ability to grow rapidly, especially after the spores are inhaled, though why the bacteria need two siderophores to do the job has been an enigma. The new study shows why anthrax bacteria require two siderophores working by two differe...

UGA scientists engineer root-knot nematode resistance

...vering a root-knot nematode parasitism gene that's essential for the nematode to infect crops, the scientists have developed a resistance gene effective against all four species. Using a technique called RNA interference, the researchers have effectively turned the nematode's biology against itself. They gene...

Master planners in brain may coordinate other areas' roles in cognitive tasks

...lume of data provided by the different studies was essential to making sure that the areas highlighted in the analysis were contributing at a very basic level, rather than at the specialized level of a particular task. "Some neuroscientists were certain what we should have found with this analysis, and they w...

Key molecular signaling switch involved in allergic disease identified

...umatoid arthritis. For example, he said, ADAMs are essential for activating the epidermal growth factor receptor, an established target for the treatment of cancers, such as colon cancer. Moreover, ADAMs release tumor necrosis factor alpha, currently the major target for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Si...

MIT engineers probe spiders' polymer art

... match the properties of the real thing "may prove essential in enabling us to successfully process novel synthetic materials with mechanical properties comparable to, or better than, those of natural spider silk," the authors wrote. ...

Ghost protein leaves fresh tracks in the cell

Spectrin and ankyrin are two essential proteins acting like bricks and mortar to shape and fortify cell membranes. But distinguishing which protein is the brick and which is the mortar has turned out to be difficult. New evidence suggests that spectrin can do both jobs at once. Ron Dubre...

ABCB6 is key to production of heme in hemoglobin

... a type of molecule called a porphryin, a molecule essential for life. A report on these results appears in the advanced online publication of Nature. Inside the mitochondrion, porphyrins are converted to heme. Heme is the oxygen-carrying part of the red blood cell molecule called hemoglobin, as well as a cri...

The secret lives of sea slugs

... behaviors and sensory cues that influence them is essential to the study of sensory systems, central processing, and motor systems, the basic neural elements that control behavior in all animals. The sea slug has become a favored research model in this research arena over the past 40 years. "It's nature's ...

Evolution reveals an independent route for diversity in animal form

...tually lacks the ancient "Hox" gene system that is essential for the development of most other animals . The finding is surprising because the Hox system is largely responsible for so-called axial patterning, the developmental process that directs the formation of different morphological features along the an...

Study provides first look at the 'birth' of a retina cell

...ne regulator NRL, which was previously shown to be essential for the development of rods, the light-sensing cells required for vision. Anand Swaroop, Ph.D., Harold F. Falls Collegiate Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Professor of Human Genetics, is senior author of both studies, the latest o...

Surprising symbiosis: Glassy-winged sharpshooter eats with friends

...h in turn feed the insect vitamins, cofactors, and essential amino acids. "Much as mosquitoes transmit malari... something else, some other bacteria, adding these essential ingredients? Yes. Realizing the amino acid pathways might be carried out by other bacteria living ...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

... by retroviruses ?to control the making of certain essential proteins, including some involved in cancer. The...ggests that the retrovirus needs RHA to make these essential proteins," says Boris-Lawrie, "and that means RHA is a potential target for antiretroviral therapy."...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

...s precisely controlled centromeric "stickiness" is essential for the accurate segregation of sister chromatids ...ound that phosphorylation was not the only process essential for cohesion removal. Recombination ?an exchange of DNA between chromosomes that promotes genetic di...

Brain region linked to fly slumber

...logy, shows that the so-called mushroom bodies are essential for sleep regulation in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. (In the same issue, a second study, led by Amita Sehgal of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, produced similar results using different methods.) How the mushroom bodies control sleep is...

Bone marrow may restore cells lost in vision diseases

...ally replenishes small amounts of cells in the eye essential for healthy vision. The finding may shatter the belief that a cell layer vital for eyesight called the retinal pigment epithelium, or RPE, is a nonrenewable resource, say researchers writing in a recent issue of Investigative Ophthalmology & Vis...

New study shows antibiotic may protect the heart

...iting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an essential component in the pathway of the cell cycle progression. The drug has been found to be important in transplant medicine and especially in kidney or heart transplantation. Additionally, Kukreja said that because of the antibiotic's antigrowth propertie...

Pollen proves beneficial for northern lakes

...n on boreal lakes. Rich in nutrients, pollen is an essential component of plant fertilization but few think of its importance to fertilize lakes. Wind-dispersed pollen in early summer is not only visually striking, but it can represent a substantial pulse of nutrients to northern lakes. Graham's research tea...

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