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Tag: "essential" at biology news

Speeding 'fingertip' discovery -- 20 years of protein info in 1 place

...f Genetic Medicine at Hopkins. “Phosphorylation is essential for controlling chemical reactions in our cells?protein factories, and phosphorylation gone awry has been implicated in several diseases. The ability to study more than one phosphorlyation at a time will help us understand some of these diseases - in...

Whitefly spreads emerging plant viruses

...he mode of virus transmission by this whitefly are essential for managing the emerging plant viruses and the vector populations. Continued research to learn more about the biology and genetics of both the plant viruses and the whitefly is also needed....

Study of planarians offers insight into germ cell development

...other team members were able to show that nanos is essential for inductive specification in planarians. Blocking nanos expression by means of RNA interference immediately after the planarians hatched prevented the emergence and development of germ cells. Blocking nanos in mature adults caused their ovaries and...

MIT biologists solve vitamin puzzle

...2, the most chemically complex of all vitamins, is essential for human health. Four Nobel Prizes have been awarded for research related to B12, but one fragment of the molecule remained an enigma-until now. The researchers report that a single enzyme synthesizes the fragment, and they outline a novel reacti...

Leukemic cells find safe haven in bone marrow

...rect contact with bone marrow mesenchymal cells is essential for the long-term survival and multiplication of leukemic lymphoblasts. In the current study, the team found that the gene for ASNS was more than 20 times active in producing this enzyme in mesenchymal cells than in ALL cells. Experiments perform...

Scientists unravel clue in cortisol production

... its effects,understanding how cortisol is made is essential to producing medications that can alter its produc...ving a rhythmic binding and unbinding of a protein essential to its production. The research, which increases understanding of how the brain and the endocrine sy...

MicroRNAs can be tumor suppressors

... genes. "Overexpression of the HMGA2 gene is an essential feature of many medically significant tumors, such as uterine fibroids,?explains Dr. Dutta. “It is very exciting to realize that microRNAs have an important role in suppressing the overexpression of HMGA2. Thus, they may also have a role in causing, ...

Scientists identify specific enzymes that make meningitis hard to fight

...s. The research team found that the two enzymes essential to the bacteria's repair mechanism are AP endonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase. Contrary to the scientists' expectations, these two enzymes carry out separate functions in the DNA repair process. Professor Paul Freemont from Imperial's Division o...

How stem cells are regulated

...w that a different subgroup of Jumonji proteins is essential for cellular differentiation. The Jumonji enzymes can turn off, or inactivate, particular genes that play an important part in embryogenesis. The conclusions are based on studies of the nematode (roundworm) C. elegans and studies of mouse embryonic s...

Killing the messenger RNA -- But which one?

...e gene they selected, known as PRPS1, codes for an essential enzyme involved in synthesizing uric acid. If levels of the enzyme are poorly regulated, a number of health problems can arise. For example, too-high levels of the enzyme can cause uric acid levels to rise in the blood, triggering painful episodes of...

Fish can determine their social rank by observation alone, study finds

...ding unfamiliar ones. "Transitive inference is essential to logical reasoning," Fernald explained. "It's something that kids generally figure out by age 4 or 5--Mary is taller than Fred, Fred is taller than Pete, therefore Mary is taller than Pete. It's been demonstrated in primates, rats and some bird spe...

How T lymphocytes attack

...eriphery, but that the presence of the antigen was essential to in-depth penetration, leading to effective tumo...nderstanding of how the immune system functions is essential to optimise one of the most promising options for future cancer treatment: immune therapy. For man...

How fish conquered the ocean

... environment. It is common knowledge that water is essential for life," continues Dr. Finn, "so it seems a surprising paradox that fishes that live in water should have a problem acquiring it. Yet it was this paradox that provided the trail of clues for us to follow". "The physiological problems of revertin...

New science of metagenomics 'will transform modern microbiology'

...e mapping of our genetic code. Microorganisms are essential to life on Earth, transforming key elements into energy, maintaining the chemical balance in the atmosphere, providing plants and animals with nutrients, and performing other functions necessary for survival. There are billions of benign microbes in...

Widely used iron nanoparticles exhibit toxic effects on neuronal cells

...eir signal-transmitting extensions. "Iron is an essential nutrient for mammals and most life forms and iron oxide nanoparticles were generally assumed to be safe," said Sungho Jin, a professor of materials science at UCSD and senior author of a paper to be published in Biomaterials. The paper is currently a...

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

...ide. This gradient acts like a battery that powers essential cell functions, such as the movement of the bacterium’s tail, the flagellum. Most cells, including human cells, use gradients of protons for this energy conservation function, but enzymes that work with sodium ions are ideal for experimental study...

NYU scientists identify how development of different species uses same genes with distinct features

...y evolved species not only uncovers those features essential to this portion of development, but also shows that we are now in a position to understand another species—in this case, the wasp—other than flies in the same depth," explained Desplan....

Dig deeper to find Martian life

... College London). Although current drills may find essential tell-tale signs that life once existed on Mars, cellular life could not survive the radiation levels for long enough any closer to the surface of Mars than a few metres deep ?beyond the reach of even state-of-the-art drills. The study, published in...

By 2048 all current fish, seafood species projected to collapse

...ices, which are those goods and functions that are essential for the growing human population. "Worm and colleagues have provided the first comprehensive assessment of thestate of ecosystem services provided by the biodiversity of the world's oceans to humanity," said Science International Managing Editor ...

How fish mend a broken heart

...s their identity, invading the wound and providing essential new blood vessels to the growing muscle. They further found that the two-part regeneration process is coordinated by so-called "fibroblast growth factor" (Fgf) signals. Fgf signals are known for their ability to encourage invasive cell behavior, Po...

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