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Tag: "enzymes" at biology news

New understanding of cell movement may yield ways to brake cancer's spread

... molecules. Meanwhile at the hind end of the cell, enzymes degrade the PIP3 lipid, creating a gradient from one end of the cell to the other. It is this PIP3 lipid gradient that sets the cell into motion toward the right direction. The PIP3-binding portion of DOCK180 senses the gradient, and DOCK180 starts ...

Gene silencing technique offers new strategy for treating, curing disease

...rted into proteins, but first is copied by special enzymes into many copies of messenger RNA, which then move..., or PNA, which physically binds to DNA and blocks enzymes from copying, or transcribing, the DNA into messenger RNA. More importantly, the researchers also e...

Enzyme's newly discovered role may make it target for arthritis treatment

...attractive target because it belongs to a class of enzymes known as proteases. One principal type of treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, inhibits proteases, so scientists who try to block cathepsin G's role in inflammation will already have an extensive body of research results to refer to. Pham'...

Study finds adult stem cells can replicate

...attractive target because it belongs to a class of enzymes known as proteases. One principal type of treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, inhibits proteases, so scientists who try to block cathepsin G's role in inflammation will already have an extensive body of research results to refer to. Pham'...

Recombinant DNA technology may enable oral, rather than injectable, delivery of protein drugs

... needed. They are also very sensitive to digestive enzymes and may be destroyed by stomach acid before they can be absorbed." To sidestep the difficulty of getting these large protein drugs through the GI tract intact, pharmaceutical scientists have looked at other ways to deliver protein-based drugs-such as...

Scientists inhibit cancer gene

...search team had originally been testing a group of enzymes that regulate the function of the Ras gene. These enzymes, called diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), are implicated in tumor growth. "When we began our investigation using a type of DGK, called DGK iota, we thought that its absence would cause more tumo...

Proteomics brings researchers closer to understanding microbes that produce acid mine drainage

...esemble any other proteins we know about. Many are enzymes that function to maintain the correct structure of...ome, but also the resulting community proteome for enzymes and pathways that can help clean up some of the worst environmental sites in the nation. This unders...

Bioinformatics reveals new gene regulation system

...t code for ribonucleotide reductase enzymes. These enzymes convert the ribonucleotide building blocks of RNA ...ther genes related to DNA replication, such as the enzymes that cut, paste, and untangle new DNA as it is synthesized, and enzymes that are involved in recycli...

One hit of crystal meth causes birth defects

...amine exposure because it hasn't yet developed the enzymes that protect it against free radicals ?highly activated, destructive oxygen molecules that have been implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, says Wells. This vulnerability lasts from the embryonic stage through the later fetal period, ti...

Deep thinking: Scientists sequence a cold-loving marine microbe

...ves, protective solutes inside cells, and ordinary enzymes altered to function in chilly seawater. "Our goal...ism also engineers cold-hardy versions of ordinary enzymes found in free-living bacteria, such as enzymes that break down organic matter. C. psychrerythraea po...

ORNL, UC Berkeley unravel real-world clues to Earth's mysteries

...,' but also the resulting 'community proteome' for enzymes and pathways that can help clean up some of the worst environmental sites in the nation. This underscores the value of basic research carried out by the DOE Genomics: Genomes to Life program that can develop novel approaches and solutions to national...

Achilles heel of the herpes virus possibly found

...ncased packets that encapsulate neurotransmitters, enzymes or other important substances and allow them to be transported within and between cells. The researchers were able to show that B5 sits in the cell membrane with one end of the protein exposed outside of the cell ready to link up with viruses -- or ...

Researcher gets NSF grant to create mutant maize lines

...identify genes that make starch that is easier for enzymes to digest. Since ethanol is produced from maize starch, such a refinement could lead to cheaper ethanol. In terms of nutrition, researchers might target a gene that blocks an enzyme used in the pathway that processes beta carotene, or vitamin A, ther...

Self-assembled DNA buckyballs for drug delivery

...buckyballs to be carried into cells, where natural enzymes would break down the DNA, releasing the drug. They might also be used as cages to study chemical reactions on the nanoscale, he says. The nanoscale, hollow buckyballs are also the first structures assembled from "dendrimerlike DNA." If three stran...

Environmental chemical cocktail may sabotage sperm

...cap on the head of the sperm ruptures and releases enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate the coverings of the egg. If the acrosome reaction happens before a sperm reaches the egg, then fertilisation is unable to take place because the sperm has lost special "docking" molecules that allow it to bind to t...

Anthrax inhibitors identified by Burnham team

...s did not affect prototype human metalloproteinase enzymes that are structurally similar to LF. This is very important as selectivity is a fundamental prerequisite for a drug to be safe for use in humans. Three lead compounds where tested in mice infected with anthrax spores, in combination with the antibio...

USC researchers determine mechanism of action of chemotherapy drug

...c.) works to thwart cancer cells by disrupting key enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, according to a te...isruption of zinc metabolism and alteration of key enzymes and metabolites necessary for normal cell function." Thus, the researchers noted, the use of MGd le...

Promiscuous Catalytic Activity Possessed by Novel Enzyme Structure

...rijuana. Unlike other previously known prenylation enzymes that only act on a small number of molecules, this new enzyme was able to attach prenyl groups to most of the different aromatic compounds tested. Some of the newly-formed hybrid molecules had previously been found in natural sources, but the enzyme ...

Stem cell training program to make its Stanford debut

...rijuana. Unlike other previously known prenylation enzymes that only act on a small number of molecules, this new enzyme was able to attach prenyl groups to most of the different aromatic compounds tested. Some of the newly-formed hybrid molecules had previously been found in natural sources, but the enzyme ...

Microreactor efficiently regenerates cofactors for biocatalysis

...Enzymes are nature's catalysts, but in some cases, enzymes can not prompt a speedy chemical reaction," said Paul Kenis, a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Illinois and a researcher at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. "In those cases, one or more cofactors are re...

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