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Tag: "enzyme" at biology news

Gene first linked to rare disease may trigger skin cancer, other tumors

...t explains its ability to keep tumors at bay. The enzyme chemically modifies the cancer-promoting protein Bcl-3, first identified in connection with some forms of leukemia. That modification bars the oncogenic protein's entry into the cell nucleus, the central command center and storehouse for DNA, where i...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...rt of the cell's protein synthesis machinery -- an enzyme called alanyl tRNA synthetase. This enzyme is responsible for loading, or "charging" the amino acid alanine onto transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Transfe...

When the going gets tough, slime molds start synthesizing

...t slime molds themselves used the newly discovered enzyme to make DIF-1. For that Noel and Austin turned to co-senior author Robert Kay, Ph.D., a Dictyostelium cellular differentiation expert and groupleader at the MRC. "We wrote a paper and sent a version to Rob Kay and said, 'You don't know us, but here...

Ammonia-loving archaea win landslide majority

..., which is responsible for the production of a key enzyme used for the oxidation of ammonia. The gene was subsequently found in a marine strain of archaea that uses ammonia as its sole source of energy. Researchers examined soil samples from 12 pristine and agricultural lands across three climatic zone...

Spinal cord bridge bypasses injury to restore mobility

... was accomplished, for the first time, by using an enzyme that stopped growth inhibitory molecules from form...inal cord lesions. He also knew that a particular enzyme from the bacteria Proteus vulgaris, called chondroitinase, might dismantle the proteoglycans by clip...

UF scientists restore sight to chickens with blinding disease

... genetic defect that prevents it from producing an enzyme essential for sight. The condition closely models a genetic disease in humans that causes Leber congenital amaurosis type 1, or LCA1. About 2,000 people in the United States are blind because they have a disease that falls in the LCA family. "Enabli...

Rehydrate -- your RNA needs it

...own protein counterparts do. And just as a protein enzyme is not a static structure, a ribozyme also changes...al reaction occurs---affect the rates at which the enzyme changes conformation and catalyzes the reaction. Something similar had been seen in protein enzymes,...

Cigarette smoke blocks cell repair mechanism, University of Florida study shows

...e activate a key gene. That gene interacts with an enzyme that plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA, preventing it from doing its job. The cell, despite its mutated form, can then multiply wildly. A cell with damaged DNA has one of two fates, said Narayan, also a member of the UF Shands Cancer C...

Hopkins researchers develop new tool to watch real-time chemical activity in cells

...s that interfere with the action of one particular enzyme linked to heart disease and similar health problem...imple testing procedure that tells if a particular enzyme - called PKA - that acts like a "switch" is "on" or "off" in a living cell. The group has been foc...

Johns hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health

... management machinery is "like finding out that an enzyme that breaks down food in the stomach also helps yo...the yeast cells died. That made it clear that this enzyme is critical for survival. Further analysis with high-power microscopes revealed that this second ...

Scientists stop autoimmune disease without shutting off immune system

...patients." Rubenstein has previously shown an enzyme called p38 is part of the mechanism by which pemph...mber of companies developing inhibitors of the p38 enzyme for treating rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis," Rubenstein said. "Our study suggests that those sa...

Viagra improves high altitude exercise performance up to 45% for some

...denafil works by inhibiting phosphodiestrase-5, an enzyme which degrades cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) a cell messenger that causes the blood vessels to relax, Friedlander explained. By inhibiting the enzyme, the drug allows greater vasodilation and greater blood flow. Although the drug works in dif...

Brain enzyme treatment relieves memory lapse in Alzheimer's mice

An enzyme that helps neurons rid themselves of excess or abe...ss. What's more, by increasing brain levels of the enzyme in mice with Alzheimer's symptoms, the researchers found they could reverse lapses of memory charact...

Chewing up a key regulator of fat synthesis keeps mice lean despite a high-fat diet

... ability to store fat requires the activity of the enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, or ACC. When we fas...CC, known as ubiquitination, which gets rid of the enzyme altogether. "In this parallel pathway, TRB3 serves as a go-between for an enzyme that marks ACC for ...

How can identical twins be genetically different?

...es codes for a protein called laeverin. This is an enzyme that destroys certain types of proteins. Scientists hypothesize that laeverin promotes the tissue damage of the joint found in RA by degrading cartilage and bone. Another previously unidentified gene codes for a protein called 11â-HSD2 that helps d...

Pest control research leads to pain control discovery

A newly discovered enzyme inhibitor, identified by researchers originally lo...to a class of drugs known as Cox-2 inhibitors. The enzyme targeted by the newly discovered inhibitors is also found in humans. (Enzymes are proteins that spee...

Synthetic molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...hich, when activated, changes into the executioner enzyme caspase-3 and initiates programmed cell death, called apoptosis. In cancer cells, however, the signaling pathway to procaspase-3 is broken. As a result, cancer cells escape destruction and grow into tumors. "We have identified a small, synthetic com...

New genes implicated in rheumatoid arthritis

...er-expressed gene was laeverin, a newly discovered enzyme that works to degrade proteins. The second most s...dehydrogenase type 2 (11ß-HSD2), a steroid pathway enzyme linked to inflammation and bone erosion. This gene was also found over-expressed in the synovial ti...

Bacteria beat the heat

...t crops to differing climate conditions or improve enzyme efficiency in industrial processes. The team co... changed as things heated up. A general rule for enzyme reactions states that as the heat rises, so does the reaction rate. Contrary to this rule, and the s...

Honey helps problem wounds

...tiseptic effect: when producing honey, bees add an enzyme called glucose-oxidase. This enzyme ensures that small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, an effective antiseptic, are constantly being forme...

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