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Tag: "enzyme" at biology news

A simple feedback resistor switch keeps latent HIV from awakening

...rmed. For example, inhibition of the deacetylating enzyme SirT1 induced Tat transcription activation in cells, further supporting the role of Tat acetylation in controlling viral dormancy. Finally, simulations under noisy conditions predicted that this simple resistor system was better able to resist enviro...

New path from estrogen to survival in breast cancer cells described

...r experimental platform, and SENP8 as a tool. This enzyme is known to be able to separate NEDD8 from the proteins it binds to. In this way, they could use SNEP8 "as bait" to fish for protein complexes held together by NEDD8. They first found that BCA3 binds to SENP8 and was modified byNEDD8, and then dis...

MIT finds most complex protein knot ever seen

...presence or absence of a knot. Two versions of the enzyme transcarbamylase, from humans and certain bacteria, catalyze different reactions, depending on whether or not there is a knot. The researchers speculate that somewhere along the evolutionary line, the sequence that allowed a protein to form the knot ...

A transplant in time

...y consist of risky blood transfusions or expensive enzyme replacement therapy. But what if the body could be induced to begin producing these proteins, say by transplanting healthy tissue with the abilities that are lacking? Prof. Yair Reisner and Ph.D. student Anna Aronovich of the Weizmann Institute's Im...

USC team reveals structure of APOBEC family protein

...e provided the first 3-D view of a protein from an enzyme family that, through its ability to mutate genes, ...oked at from a different perspective, however, the enzyme family plays a decidedly protective role in the cell. One notable family member, the AID protein, ge...

Cell wall of pneumonia bacteria can cause brain and heart damage

...rmore, the researchers succeeded in blocking a key enzyme of this pathway in cardiomyoctyes using a molecule called PLC inhibitor U73122. The treatment prevented the cell from taking up the fragments but did not appear to interfere with the cell's normal functions. This suggests that a drug that blocks the ...

Cell death following blood 'reflow' injury tracked to natural toxin

... examined the brains of mice engineered to lack an enzyme that chews up and gets rid of PAR. These mouse bra...ermates. Mice that contain more of the PAR-chewing enzyme suffered less brain damage than their normal littermates. To figure out what triggers the death sw...

Solved: The mystery of flesh-eating bacteria's relentless attack

...k in the chain of events. They expected to find an enzyme that degrades IL-8. Drawing on a database of enzym...ts in a cell, they soon identified the culprit: an enzyme called ScpC. The team then created a mutant variation of the M14 strain of Streptococcus that cou...

Targeted virus compels cancer cells to eat themselves

... M. D. Anderson. ''This virus uses telomerase, an enzyme found in 80 percent of brain tumors, as a target,'' Kondo says. ''Once the virus enters the cell, it needs telomerase to replicate. Normal brain tissue does not have telomerase, so this virus replicates only in cancer cells.'' Other cancers are telo...

Key molecular signaling switch involved in allergic disease identified

A research team has identified a key enzyme responsible for triggering a chain of events that ...ted, for the first time, the role of a proteolytic enzyme called ADAM10 that releases a major allergy regulatory protein from the surface of cells and thereby...

Bacteria could make new library of cancer drugs that are too complex to create artificially

...ular steps of that process. By manipulation of the enzyme content of the bacteria, they aim to produce a range of different compounds based closely on the form of streptorubin B normally formed by the bacteria. Some of these analogues of streptorubin B could provide the basis for developing useful new anti ...

Free radical cell death switch identified

...y oxidative stress, MST acts in its capacity as an enzyme to modify and thereby activate the FOXO proteins, instructing the FOXO proteins to move from the periphery of the cell into the nucleus of neurons. Once in the nucleus, the FOXO proteins were found to turn on genes that commit neurons to programmed ...

Ozone recovering, but unlikely to stabilize at pre-1980 levels, says study

...a receptor on the cell's surface, an intracellular enzyme called BIN2 is inactivated by an unknown mechanism. Previously, investigators thought that inactivation of BIN2, which is a kinase, freed a second protein known as BES1 from entrapment in the cytoplasm, the watery compartment surrounding a cell's nuc...

Salk scientists untangle steroid hormone signaling in plants

...a receptor on the cell's surface, an intracellular enzyme called BIN2 is inactivated by an unknown mechanism. Previously, investigators thought that inactivation of BIN2, which is a kinase, freed a second protein known as BES1 from entrapment in the cytoplasm, the watery compartment surrounding a cell's nuc...

'Cellular antennae' on algae give clues to how human cells receive signals

...ternal molecule binds to a cilium, it activates an enzyme that signals the start of a chain of chemical reactions. Although the cilia could move without IFT and bind to the molecules of the cilia of the opposite type, those cells were unable to respond to the signaling molecules. The failure to activate th...

Weizmann Institute scientists discover a molecular security mechanism for keeping mutations in check

...sed on to the daughter cell at cell division. This enzyme can be a stickler for accuracy ?if it runs into da...tion of mutations. This mechanism allows the right enzyme to go to work at the right time, and only when it's needed. The main components in this system are t...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

...g some involved in cancer. The mechanism uses an enzyme called RNA helicase A (RHA), which is made by the cell. The study by researchers with The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center ?Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and the OSU College of Veterinary ...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

... central role in meiosis. Researchers knew that an enzyme called separase snips apart cohesins, targeting a ...s was regulated," said Amon. "It could be that the enzyme separase was the key regulatory player, or it could be that it was the phosphorylation of cohesins t...

Gardenia fruit compound starting point for diabetes therapy

... that the chemical also blocks the function of the enzyme called uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) through another mechanism. In both animals and humans, high concentrations of UCP2 appear to inhibit insulin secretion from the pancreas and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. "We think the increase in UCP2 acti...

OHSU study says stem cell 'fusion' occurs in tumors

...ent protein, indicating female donor cells, and an enzyme from the male recipient cells Wong said, "Our paper is unique because it's the first example that cell fusion occurs in the epithelial compartment of a tumor." Other OHSU studies in recent years are giving weight to the fusion theory. A series of d...

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