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Tag: "enzyme" at biology news

Study shows enzyme builds neurotransmitters via newly discovered pathway

...cannabinoid") anandamide. The high activity of the enzyme a/b hydrolase4 (Abh4) in areas such as the central.... The researchers also isolated and identified the enzyme Abh4 by combining traditional protein purification and functional proteomic technologies, concluding...

Some butterflies travel farther, reproduce faster

...ner, lay more eggs and have a different form of an enzyme important to flying, phosphoglucose isomerase. They also found they have a higher metabolic rate. Future research will try to further uncover more physiological and molecular differences that account for the differences in reproduction and in fligh...

Developing uses for sugar-cane bagasse: Biotechnology applied to the paper industry

...nnabarinus, which produces laccase naturally. This enzyme breaks down the lignin in the fibres of bagasse us...as ethanol, in order to increase production of the enzyme under these conditions. Ethanol was chosen as a laccase-inducer in this study because of its abundan...

First biomarker for human sleepiness identified in fruit flies

... first biochemical marker linked to sleep loss, an enzyme in saliva known as amylase, which increases in activity when sleep deprivation is prolonged. Researchers hope to make amylase the first of a panel of biomarkers that will aid diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders and may one day help assess the...

Novel mechanism of action of new drug for MS identified

...d that FTY720 also inhibited the activity of a key enzyme called cPLA2, which is necessary for the production of inflammatory mediators, known as eicosanoids. Eicosanoids drive inflammatory disorders such as asthma and multiple sclerosis. According to Sarah Spiegel, Ph.D., professor and chair in the VCU ...

Novel regulatory mechanism identified for key tumor suppressor p53

...e case, then we could develop drugs to inhibit the enzyme that would have the effect of freeing p53 to do it...cer. Unusually high levels of the newly identified enzyme might also be useful as a diagnostic marker for cancer." Responsible for tumor suppression through...

Research suggests beta agonists may alter the immune system

...-agonists were unable to effectively stimulate the enzyme protein kinase A (PKA). Other molecules similar to beta-agonists that were able to strongly activate PKA also inhibited the ability of type 2 T cells to proliferate and survive. Penn said this finding could influence future drug development, because ...

UCLA researchers unravel a mystery about DNA

...nding of the structure and mechanics of RNAP -- an enzyme responsible for making RNA from a DNA or RNA templ...mplies that the scrunched DNA is expelled from the enzyme channel at predictable sites that are available for interaction with transcription regulatory protei...

Friendly bacteria in alcoholic milkshake could fight food allergies

...ckers to develop an air sanitizing system using an enzyme found naturally in human tears. Lactoperoxidase can attack and kill microbes such as 'flu viruses and the bacteria responsible for MRSA. The system could be used to sanitize the air in airplanes and hospital sick bays. ...

Scientists get best look ever at water-life connection

...ng biological functions such as protein folding or enzyme catalysis. But for now, this early result ends decades of controversy on what happens in the microscopic realm where water and proteins meet. The controversy, Zhong explained, stemmed from the fact that researchers across different disciplines used ...

UVa researchers seek to unlock broccoli's cancer fighting secret

...ents in broccoli unexpectedly bond with a specific enzyme in cells. This enzyme had been clearly linked to inflammatory disease processes, but Cross solidified a link with cancer w...

UCSD researchers create roadmap to integrin activation

.... "By adding controllable amounts of talin and the enzyme protein kinase C ?an enzyme that modifies other proteins ?we found we can get the cell to respond to certain agents that, in tur...

Patients can report statins' adverse effects on new web site

...educe serum cholesterol levels by inhibiting a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Statin cholesterol-lowering drugs are among the most prescribed drugs in the United States. According to Consumer Reports, two such drugs ?atorvastatin (Lipitor) and simvastatin (Zocor) ?were #1 and #2 b...

Microbe fixes nitrogen at a blistering 92 C

...on that the gene needed to produce nitrogenase ?an enzyme capable of converting nitrogen gas, that's unusable by life, to a form like ammonia that is useable ?arose before the three main branches of life ?bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes ?diverged some 3.5 billion years ago, according to oceanographer Mausm...

Parkinson's mutation stunts neurons

...inase-2," which means that the LRRK2 protein is an enzyme called a kinase--a biochemical switch that activates other proteins by attaching a molecule called a phosphate to them. In their experiments, when the researchers generated mutant forms of the enzyme, they discovered that the mutants showed higher...

Enzyme shreds Alzheimer's protein

An enzyme found naturally in the brain snips apart the prote...tudies showing that the cysteine protease CatB--an enzyme that snips apart proteins--closely associated with the amyloid-ß (Aß) protein that forms the amyloid...

Researchers discover new gene responsible for brittle bone disease

... line up the fibers that make up collagen using an enzyme called 3-prolyl hydroxylase, which they determined needs to bind to CRTAP for it to function normally. As a result of the loss of normal 3-prolyl hydroxylase function, the cells that build bone (osteoblasts) were found to make thicker collagen fibers...

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

...a gene known as XPF, which codes for part of a key enzyme required for the removal of DNA damage. The XPF portion of the enzyme harbors the DNA-cutting activity; whereas a second portion, known as ERCC1, is essential for the enz...

Study offers innovative profile of enzyme that aids tumor growth

"Using a combination of enzyme activity and metabolite profiling, we determined t... most time-consuming steps that accompany in vitro enzyme analysis while generating data more directly related to their naturally occurring activities. "Ou...

Cloning techniques produce FDA-approved antibiotic

... Fosfomycin functions by inactivating an essential enzyme involved in the formation of the bacterial cell wall. "Phosphonic acids are underexploited bioactive compounds with great potential for treating human disease," said Huimin Zhao, a U. of I. professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering. "We ho...

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