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Tag: "enzyme" at biology news

Researchers wake up viruses inside tumors to image and then destroy cancers

...c induction is EBV's thymidine kinase (EBV-TK), an enzyme that helps the virus begin to reproduce. This kinase is of interest because researchers know its "sister" kinase, the one produced by the herpes simplex virus, can be imaged by an injected radiolabeled chemical (FIAU), which can then be imaged using ...

Genome sequencing reveals key to viable ethanol production

...er shows the first time the triggering pathway for enzyme production in this bacterium has been revealed, an...s. He’s also continuing the genome-wide search for enzyme combinations that will degrade and ferment grasses, corn stovers, and even food waste. "I don’t th...

New success in engineering plant oils

...etic techniques." The researchers focused on an enzyme known as KASII that normally elongates fatty acid ...d a plant with a mutated KASII that showed reduced enzyme activity, and these plants were able to accumulate more saturated fats than was normal. So the Brook...

Blood sugar's manufacture limited by building blocks' supply

...e mice also had a deficiency in the activity of an enzyme that converts the critical amino acid, called alanine, into pyruvate. Consistent with this observation, injection of pyruvate, but not alanine, rescued the mice from their fasting hypoglycemia. The findings point to a novel form of control over gl...

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...udden return of glucose to the brain activates the enzyme NADPH oxidase, which in turn initiates a process of oxidative stress that is fatal to neurons. Oxidative stress occurs when cells are poisoned by highly reactive forms of oxygen. Previously, it had been assumed that oxidative stress in neurons wa...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

...eagues previously discovered that mice lacking the enzyme that performs the phosphorylation reaction have a superior ability to remember new things under certain training conditions. “Those results led us to suspect that decreasing the phosphorylation of eIF2a enhanced memory storage,?Costa-Mattioli said...

Need oxygen? Cells know how to spend and save

... sensor turns on yet another gene that produces an enzyme to specifically chew up COX4-1. Engineering human cells to lack this enzyme and subjecting them to low oxygen, the scientists found the cells unable to rid themselves of COX4-1...

Power-boosting signal in muscle declines with age

... three "perturbations" that normally stimulate the enzyme and, in turn, mitochondria production. The treatments included acute exposure to an AMPK-stimulating chemical, chronic exposure through feeding of another chemical that induces AMPK by mimicking an energy shortage, and exercise. In every case, ol...

New player in commitment to life as a fat cell

...al School, one of the study's first authors. "This enzyme was originally known in association with the catabolism of purines into uric acid, the production of reactive oxygen species, and its involvement in gout. It has never been looked at in the context of fat development before." The findings further ...

UCSD researchers discover variants of natural tumor suppressor

Building on their 2005 discovery of an enzyme that is a natural tumor suppressor, researchers at... Medicine have now identified two variants of that enzyme which could provide new targets for therapies to treat diabetes, heart and neurological disease. Th...

Bypassing eggs, flu vaccine grown in insect cells shows promise

...s, FluBlOk does not also include neuraminidase, an enzyme that allows a flu virus to replicate and spread. While the hemagglutinin is the focus of most vaccines, scientists have been curious to measure how a vaccine without neuraminidase performs. ...

Enhancing activity of marijuana-like chemicals in brain helps treat

...t it wasn't great, and the drug that targeted the enzyme that degrades endocannabinoids basically did nothing alone," Kreitzer said. "But when we gave the two together, the animals really improved dramatically." ...

How appetite-stimulating brain cells work overtime during fasting

...searchers found, animals lacking either UCP2 or an enzyme that stimulates thyroid hormone's production ate l...hat support cells in the hypothalamus producing an enzyme that catalyzes active thyroid hormone production are side by side with appetite-stimulating neurons ...

Bacterial walls come tumbling down

...provided a long-awaited look at the portion of the enzyme used in the first step of the biochemical pathway ...s three-dimensional pictures of the sugar-building enzyme from S. aureus will accelerate the search for an effective weapon against the infamous superbug. ...

Loss of a universal tRNA feature reported

... "This result implies that tRNA recognition by the enzyme adding histidine to tRNA differs considerably from...ature has resulted from the presence of an RNase P enzyme that is no longer capable of catalyzing abnormal cleavage at the -1 position in the tRNAHis precurso...

Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative disease

...has mutation in a gene that makes the housekeeping enzyme hexosaminidase ("hex") deficient and, therefore, h...anted cells also boosted the brain's supply of the enzyme Hex, which reduced the lipid accumulations in the treated animals. The experimental treatment also d...

Protein fragments sequenced in 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex

...the protein, identified as collagen, and, with the enzyme trypsin, broke it down into fragments, or peptides, 10 to 20 amino acids long. The peptides were passed over a liquid chromatography (LC) column, where they were separated from one another and then sprayed at extremely low, or nanoliter, flow rates, ...

Link found between immune system and high plasma lipid levels

... ?particularly at the enzyme, hepatic lipase. This enzyme is made in the liver and secreted into the blood where it plays a key role in lipid metabolism. The livers of mice with T cells expressing LIGHT made and secreted much less hepatic lipase ?and consequently, had higher plasma lipid levels. The aut...

Molecular differences between early and advanced melanomas could provide new drug targets

...he Akt-induced melanoma cells produced more of the enzyme NOX4, one of the NOX family of genes known to increase generation of ROS and to trigger angiogenesis. The scientists also found that in cells with greater Akt expression, there was an increase in impaired mitochondria-- the energy factories of ce...

Microbes start immune response by sneaking inside cells

...n rash and arthritis. Cryopyrin triggers a key enzyme involved in the body’s inflammatory response, capsase-1, which in turn causes production of IL-1beta, a powerful molecule which signals the immune system to attack pathogens and induces fever to help the body fend off infection. IL-1beta plays an imp...

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