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Tag: "enzyme" at biology news

Mosquito spray increases toxicity of pyrethroids in creek, study finds

...tic counterpart, pyrethroid. "PBO shuts down the enzyme that animals use to detoxify pyrethrin, so it gives pyrethrin more punch," said Weston. "Without PBO, you'd need a greater concentration of pyrethrin or pyrethroid to be effective as a pesticide." To assess the toxicity of the water that was sample...

New understanding of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes could revise classification of pain meds

...inhibitor medications may affect the resulting new enzyme which is a mix of COX-1 and COX-2," says Dr. Funk.... a drug target that might substitute for COX-2: an enzyme called microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. The researchers showed that this drug did not ...

UF scientists test improved gene therapy method for hereditary heart conditions

...ain copies of a therapeutic gene that pumps out an enzyme missing in a mouse model for Pompe disease. The ai...e gene that fails to produce adequate levels of an enzyme that normally breaks down the carbohydrate glycogen, used to store energy. The disease causes gradua...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

...ppears to result from its interaction with another enzyme known to be important for cell's ability to migrate and take root. As further evidence, they also found that the Nedd9 gene was frequently expressed at higher levels in metastatic human melanomas compared to primary melanomas. Drugs aimed at Ne...

Attacking cancer's sweet tooth is effective strategy against tumors

...rgy needs through OXPHOS. People who lack the LDHA enzyme appear to function normally though they cannot be pushed toward anaerobic exercise. "They have muscle destruction because they lack an alternative route for producing energy," Fantin said. It is not clear whether they have a lower indidence of cancer...

Traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes has scientific backing

... show that berberine acts in part by activating an enzyme in the muscle and liver that is involved in improv...step is to investigate how berberine activates the enzyme that mediates these 'insulin-sensitising'effects. ...

New human retrovirus originated in mice

...way. This mutation compromised the function of the enzyme produced by RNASEL, which normally shreds viral genetic material. Infected cells carrying the shredded viral genetic material are usually targeted for destruction by the immune system. While some scientists believe that such vulnerability to viral in...

Novel connection found between biological clock and cancer

... this interaction much stronger. However, a mutant enzyme that has lost its activity has no effect on the clock. Normally CHK2 is involved in the signal response pathway that begins when DNA is damaged and results in a temporary stoppage of cell division until the damage is fixed. The researchers found tha...

One big biology question solved

... the production of eggs. They also discovered an enzyme present in male embryos that wipes out retinoic acid and so suppresses meiosis until after birth, resulting in sperm production. "This is an extremely important process that nobody has been able to figure out until now," Professor Koopman said. "...

Oxidation defense in mosquitoes benefits malaria parasite

...A. "Deciphering the molecular architecture of each enzyme in this pathway will be used for the structure-based rational design of potent and highly selective inhibitors of potential interest as innovative antimalarial agents," said Rizzi Li's group at Virginia Tech biochemically characterizes enzymes invo...

COX-2 inhibitors significantly reduce risk of cancer

...idal, anti-inflammatory drugs that block the COX-2 enzyme pathway that is often activated in inflammation, cancer, heart disease and other disorders. Harris and his colleagues studied the use of celecoxib (Celebrex), rofecoxib (Vioxx), regular aspirin, low-dose aspirin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen among 3...

Inflammation and drugs to control this activity studied in a variety of tumors sites

...pical hyperplasia who also have high levels of the enzyme COX-2 in their breast tissue were more likely to d...k and normal risk. The COX-2, or cyclooxygenase-2, enzyme is produced by the body when there is inflammation and is also produced by precancerous tissues. Th...

Study fishes out new role for prostaglandins

...ins were important in development. Mice lacking an enzyme that synthesizes prostaglandin had numerous developmental defects, but the true effects of prostaglandins on the embryo were likely obscured by maternal prostaglandin production. Because they develop outside the mother and are transparent, zebrafish...

DNA end caps may lead to cancer treatments, UT Southwestern researchers report

...can no longer divide. But in most cancer cells, an enzyme called telomerase keeps the telomeres from shortening, making the cells immortal and potentially malignant. "Drugs that influence these mechanisms might be used to slow replicative aging in normal cells and increase the efficacy of telomerase-inhib...

Evolution mystery: Spider venom and bacteria share same toxin

...still left with the question of whether this venom enzyme hopped species from the spider to the bacteria, or the other way around. Either way, the presence of this medically-relevant toxin in one of these groups of organisms is likely the result of transfer from the other lineage," Binford said. "Understand...

Free-radical busting antioxidants might not promote healthy hearts

... compounds depended on the induction of a cellular enzyme called heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 is known to protect against atherosclerosis in animal models, although the mechanism is not completely clear. Not surprisingly, HO-1 was not induced by Vitamin E. Drugs closely related to probucol that contain th...

Molecular force field helps cancer cells defend against attack

...nd a chink in their armor. The cells churn out an enzyme that bonds with a protein, creating a protective b...understand exactly why this gene, which is a small enzyme molecule, is very intimately associated with tumor cell survival." Focal adhesion kinase, or FAK, i...

Report lists top 20 most-vulnerable African carnivores

... lack of detailed structural information about the enzyme has hindered progress in developing agents to inhi...rs have long sought a way to subdue telomerase, an enzyme whose excessive activity contributes to the unchecked growth of as many as 90 percent of human tumor...

Groovy protein essential for promoting cancer development

... lack of detailed structural information about the enzyme has hindered progress in developing agents to inhi...rs have long sought a way to subdue telomerase, an enzyme whose excessive activity contributes to the unchecked growth of as many as 90 percent of human tumor...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...at HIF-1 shuts down the TCA cycle by preventing an enzyme called PDH from converting pyruvate made by glycolysis into acetyl CoA. Specifically, HIF-1 blocks the ability of PDH to make this conversion. HIF-1 does this by activating a protein called PDK, which binds to PDH and prevents it from performing this...

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