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Tag: "energy" at biology news

St. Jude study solves mystery of mammalian ears

...ny waves made by a pebble thrown into a pond. This energy causes the hair cell cilia in both mammals and non-mammals to swing back and forth quickly in a steady rhythm. In mammals, the rod-shaped body of the outer hair cell contracts and then vibrates in response to the sound waves, amplifying the sound. ...

Carnegie Mellon scientists find key HIV protein makes cell membranes bend more easily

...docks onto a host cell, it dramatically lowers the energy required for a cell membrane to bend, making it ea...usion peptide dramatically decreases the amount of energy needed to bend a cell-like membrane,” said Stephanie Tristram-Nagle, associate research professor of...

Cells re-energize to come back from the brink of death

...al program of self-destruction by increasing their energy level and repairing the damage, is giving investig...s also suggest that the increase in GAPDH provides energy to increase autophagy—the process by which a cell “chews up” debris and broken components, such as d...

Soils offer new hope as carbon sink

...s so much interest in a technology to create clean energy that also locks up carbon in the soil for the long...am of green or other biomass waste providing clean energy that is carbon negative," Dr Van Zwieten said. "But until pyrolysis plants are up and running, the ...

Crammed with charged DNA, pressure rises inside virus

... shell—during the assembly process. The potential energy of the tightly coiled DNA may help phi29 inject its genetic material into the bacterial cells it infects. Now a team led by physicists at the University of California, San Diego has used laser tweezers to measure the forces exerted by the motor as i...

Hormone helps mice 'hibernate,' survive starvation

...F21, in turn, stimulates the use of stored fats as energy and causes torpor. In properly fed mice, FGF21 is not normally active; however, when the researchers introduced FGF21 into these mice, the animals’ metabolism changed. “When mice were given this hormone, their metabolism appeared as if they were s...

Bigger horns equal better genes

...ce and maintain. "[The horns] require a lot of energy to build and then carry around. They can be a meter long and are quite heavy, and the ibex carries them for their lifetime, unlike antlers which are shed every year. They also cause the ibex to lose heat in winter, because their core is heavily vascu...

Envisat captures first image of Sargassum from space

...en photosynthetic compound in plants that captures energy from sunlight necessary for photosynthesis. The amount of chlorophyll present in vegetation plays an important role in determining how healthy it is. Accurately monitoring chlorophyll from space, therefore, provides a valuable tool for modelling prim...

Salty oceans provide early warning for climate change

...North Atlantic). Instead the scientists think that energy is transferred through the ocean along a deep pres...erates a pressure gradient in the ocean that sends energy to the north without water actually being transported,” explains Zahn. Regardless of whether oce...

Researchers examine carbon capture and storage to combat global warming

...Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) and professor of energy resources engineering. ''But the idea that we can ..., said Lynn Orr, director of GCEP and professor of energy resources engineering. Stationary facilities that burn fossil fuels-such as power plants or cement f...

Physicist cracks women's random but always lucky choice of X chromosome

...otein plugs narrowly wins that race and reaches an energy state in which it can pull together all the material building up in both plugs into a single protein plug. That single plug then closes off one of the XIST suicide genes allowing its host X chromosome to continue to operate. However the other XIST su...

Study investigates 'divorce' among Galapagos seabirds

...-breeding male,” Maness said. It takes a lot of energy to raise a chick and the responsibility is shared by both males and females. They raise one chick at a time. Parents incubate the egg for 43 days. Then, it takes another 100 to 120 days of parental care until the baby bird can fly. The parents wi...

Plastic that grows on trees

... my view, is breakthrough science in the renewable energy arena,” said J.M. White, IIC director and Robert A. Welch chair in materials chemistry at the University of Texas. “This work opens the way for fundamental catalysis science in a novel solvent.” The chemistry at work remains largely a mystery, Zha...

Marine phytoplankton changes form to protect itself from different predators

...e surface waters. “This could alter the flow of energy and nutrients from deep to shallow, depending on what might be trying to eat it, and how the organism responds to the chemical signals of what’s attacking it,” Hay said. Experimentally, the researchers attempted to separate the chemical signals fr...

Staphylococcus aureus hides out in cells

...o survive and/or multiply, including metabolic and energy production functions, then resumed. Although most of the bacteria had died by about four days as a result of antibiotic treatment, the team still found viable bacteria in their model system two weeks after infection. The findings may help in unde...

Research finds that circadian rhythms dominate all life functions

...termines the effect of leptin on regulation of the energy balance. Better understanding gene oscillation may provide researchers with clues for developing ways to treat people who overeat because of impaired leptin signaling. Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that cycle over a period of about 24 ho...

Researchers demonstrate way to control tree height

...h as rice or wheat were created that directed less energy to height growth and more to development of stout stems and plentiful seed. In orchards, semi-dwarf fruit trees produce more fruit that is easier to harvest. The improvements in cereal yields have been credited with preventing the starvation of milli...

Fat fish put obesity on the hook

...thermostat in a house, and works to keep long-term energy stores—a.k.a. body fat—constant. The adipostat is what makes it difficult for people to lose weight and keep it off. “Americans—even children—are getting fat at an alarming rate,” said Gerald Weissmann, MD, Editor-in-Chief of The FASEB Journal,...

Mule deer moms rescue other fawns

...even though this means the female invests time and energy and puts herself at risk by helping many other animals. In contrast, a whitetail mother waits to assess whether a fawn is her own before she steps in to defend it. As a result, whitetail fawns suffer considerably more predation during the first month...

'Virtual Patient' to simulate real-time organ motions for radiation therapy

...ding to Xu. Currently Xu and De are focusing their energy on respiratory function. "Using advanced computational tools, it is possible to simulate lung movement; however, not in real time," De said. "For effective radiation therapy, physics-based real-time performance offers the ultimate solution." The k...

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