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Tag: "emergence" at biology news

With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane

...s over time and how that organization leads to the emergence of function, Boxer said. In their experiment, the scientists analyzed a model system to reveal its lateral organization. First they used lipids with either ''short'' or ''tall'' chemical structures to create phase domains, or membrane features that ...

Study shows interruption of antiretroviral therapy increases risk of disease and death

...ity of life, limit side effects, and allow for the emergence of the predominant wild-type virus in patients infected with multidrug-resistant HIV. However, our data clearly demonstrate that continuous use of anti-retroviral therapy is superior to its episodic use." In the SMART Study, researchers from more t...

Bacterial protein shows promise in treating intestinal parasites

...al health, because of concerns about the potential emergence of resistance in human intestinal nematodes to currently available medicines. "There are only a few new agents under development for the treatment of hookworm and other intestinal parasite infections," said Raffi Aroian, an associate professor of b...

Viral marker of human migration suspect

...ed that the virus has been with humans since their emergence from Africa. "Because of this presumed codivergence with human populations, JCV has been widely used as a genetic marker for human evolution and migration," explained Shackelton, whose findings appear this month (October) in the Journal of Virolo...

Scientists find mutations that let bird flu adapt to humans

...fect human cells, it may be possible to detect the emergence of pandemic strains earlier, providing public health officials and vaccine manufacturers with precious time to prepare for a global outbreak of highly pathogenic influenza. To be successful, a virus must be able to recognize and attach to a host cel...

Malaria treatment efficacy compromised in certain HIV-positive patients

...se in immune-suppressed patients could lead to the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. "This is a major concern, as antimalarial drug resistance is now generally acknowledged to be one of the greatest threats to our ability to roll back malaria," according to Dr. Van geertruyden. The study ...

American scientist's research of life's first cells

...ween the RNA and the vesicle's membrane led to the emergence of certain basic cellular behaviors. For example, when the genome replicates inside a vesicle, osmotic pressure leads the vesicle to "steal" membrane from other, empty vesicles. This could be an example of Darwinian evolution, according to Chen. "Exp...

Malaria may fuel spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

...ith these other diseases and may contribute to the emergence of more lethal or drug-resistant strains of these infections," Kublin added. ...

Study shows antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for increase in muscle infections

... becoming more frequent occurrences along with the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), according to a study published in the Oct. 15 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, now available online. Staphylococcus aureus, or staph, is a common bacterium found on t...

Road-crossing in chimpanzees: A risky business

... a group would help shape our hypotheses about the emergence of hominoid social organization. Progression order--the order in which individuals travel within a group--was studied in the small community of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea, West Africa as they crossed two roads, one large...

Vanishing beetle horns have surprise function

...bile horn tissue is reabsorbed before the beetles' emergence as adults. "The formation of horns by beetle pupas that soon lose them just doesn't seem to make sense, so obviously we were intrigued," said IU Bloomington evolutionary biologist Armin Moczek, lead author of both papers. "It appears these pre-ad...

Ocean sampling yields environmental sources of coral symbionts

... corals must acquire their symbionts anew with the emergence of each generation. However, it has remained unclear how newly settled coral polyps acquire their symbionts in the ocean. Organisms that resemble coral symbionts—dinoflagellates that are similar to those of the Symbiodinium genus that grow within cor...

Power emerges from consensus in monkey social networks

...uals. However, the role communication plays in the emergence of social structures is rarely studied. In a new paper from The American Naturalist, Santa Fe Institute researchers Jessica Flack and David Krakauer study how power structures arise from a status communication network in a monkey society. Power struc...

Novel experiment documents evolution of genome in near-real time

...ey grew E. coli in an environment that favored the emergence of mutants: the organism was fed a poorly metabolized carbon and energy source called glycerol. The researchers removed samples of cells from the culture and sequenced their entire genomes as a way to find mutations that enabled faster growth. Afte...

MIT's ocean model precisely mimics microbes' life cycles

...attributes this new approach to three factors: the emergence of new information about the genetic diversity of marine microbes, recent advances in computational capability and a simple recognition of his own bias. "Physicists, like myself, have a bit of a reductionist view. We often shy away from the comple...

Baby fish 'smell their way home'

...individual coral reefs play such a key role in the emergence of new species is a fresh reason to take even greater care in how we look after them." ...

2,000 influenza virus genomes now completed and publicly accessible

... potential for an influenza pandemic caused by the emergence of a new, highly lethal virus strain that is easily transmitted from person to person. Influenza pandemics have occurred three times in the last century, the most lethal of which was the pandemic of 1918, which caused an estimated 40 to 50 million de...

Study of planarians offers insight into germ cell development

...diately after the planarians hatched prevented the emergence and development of germ cells. Blocking nanos in mature adults caused their ovaries and testes to disappear. And when the researchers blocked nanos expression in planarians that had had their bodies and reproductive organs detached from their brains,...

Gene study shows three distinct groups of chimpanzees

...iginal boundaries between groups may have been the emergence and growth of rivers, such as the Congo River, which is thought to be about 1.5 million years old. "Chimps don't swim," Becquet said. "For them, water provides a very effective border." The ongoing loss of habitat has increased the physical separati...

Studies yield insight into the numerical brain

..."Developmental studies should focus on tracing the emergence of numerical representation in the brain, investigating in particular at which stage such a representational divergence appears. Such findings could contribute significantly both to the field of numerical cognition research and rehabilitation of peop...

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