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Tag: "elements" at biology news

Formation of cellulose fibers tracked for the first time

... scaffold for organizing the cell wall; individual elements of the microtubule array appear to actively direct the pattern of the cellulose fibers. This work should set a long-standing discussion to rest." ...

Tiny RNA molecules fine-tune the brain's synapses

...e for proteins ?are now known to include important elements that regulate gene activity. Among those elements are microRNAs, tiny, recently discovered RNA molecules that suppress gene expression. Increasing ev...

New hybrid virus provides targeted molecular imaging of cancer

...racterized the hybrid viruses by combining genetic elements and biological attributes of an animal virus (adeno-associated virus, or AAV) with those of a bacterial virus (phage). Unlike animal viruses that infect mammalian cells, bacterial viruses have evolved to infect only bacterial hosts. The paper shows h...

UW-Madison engineers squeeze secrets from proteins

...ered enzymes are at work in the wash breaking down elements of a stain. "Once a protein is folded, you can actually unfold it or destabilize it, either by heating it up, or by adding solvents to the system, like urea for example, that just destroy the folded structure of the protein. How resilient the protei...

Warbling whales speak a language all their own

... "Humpback songs are not like human language, but elements of language are seen in their songs," said Ryuji S...ck to develop a computer program to break down the elements of the whale's song and assign an abstract symbol to each of those elements. Suzuki wanted to see if...

The closest look ever at the cell's machines

... Cells use a mixed strategy of prefabricating core elements of machines and then synthesizing additional, snap-on molecules that give each machine a precise function. That provides an economic way to diversify biological processes and also to control them." Thus if the cell needs to respond quickly, such as...

'Uniquely human' component of language found in gregarious birds

...e able to recognize strings containing 6-to-8 song elements (abababab ?vs ?aaaabbbb). The finding that starlings can grasp these grammatical rules shows that other animals share basic levels of pattern recognition with humans. "There might be no single property or processing capacity," the authors write, "...

Taking a bite out of a fellow worker helps wasps recruit new foragers

...r evolved and how it is maintained since there are elements that are shared among all social animals. Social aggression is one such characteristic that is almost universal among animal groups ranging from insects to primates including humans. ...

MIT chemist discovers secret behind nature's medicines

... replace a hydrogen atom with a halide, one of the elements from the column of the periodic table containing chlorine, bromine and iodine. In the lab, that's a very challenging task, but nature accomplishes it almost nonchalantly. The trick involves using a turbo-charged enzyme containing iron. A clue to how...

UW scientists unravel critical genetic puzzle for flu virus replication

...e viruses were assembling their infectious genetic elements in a systematic fashion. Virologists have long deb...ated into the particle as a set, it suggests these elements could be a target for disruption. There must be a genetic element in each of the eight segments that...

Infants can organise visual information at just four months

...ing to brightness, shape, and how close the visual elements are together (proximity). These new findings mean that very young infants are much more capable of organising their visual world than psychologists had previously thought. The study also has implications for understanding certain developmental disor...

Researchers unlock how cells determine their functions

...to target DNA elements, known as Trithorax-reponse elements (TREs), located in the gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Non-coding RNA is produced by and retained at the TREs of Ubx, and helps activate the expression of the Ubx gene by attracting Ash1 to the TREs. The transgenic transcription of non-coding TRE RNA can c...

Stress substantially slows human body's ability to heal

...uples considered less hostile. Cytokines are key elements in the human immune system. They hold a delicate balance in maintaining the right immune response. Increased levels of IL-6 at the site of a wound stimulate the healing process but those same levels circulating throughout the bloodstream is a problem...

Dog genome sequenced

...erspersed elements. SINEs are abundant mobile DNA elements that are common in mammals and have contributed extensively to genome evolution. In their publication, Drs. Wei Wang and Ewen Kirkness, scientists at The Institute for Genomic Research, report the identification of more than 10,000 SINE insertions i...

Scientists fetch useful information from dog genome publications

...erspersed elements. SINEs are abundant mobile DNA elements that are common in mammals and have contributed extensively to genome evolution. In their publication, Drs. Wei Wang and Ewen Kirkness, scientists at The Institute for Genomic Research, report the identification of more than 10,000 SINE insertions i...

Switching to new anti-bacterial targets: Riboswitches

...urnal Chemistry and Biology. Riboswitches are RNA elements that control gene expression in essential metabolic pathways. Researchers in the laboratory of Ronald R. Breaker , the Henry Ford II Professor of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at Yale, showed that a riboswitch controlling vitamin B...

Changes to embryos can elicit change in adult fish

...of species, researchers have uncovered the genetic elements that determine the structure and function of a simple biomechanical system, the lower jaw of the cichlid fish. In addition, they've shown that increasing expression of a particular gene in an embryo can lead to physical changes in the adult fish. The...

Membrane research opens window to benefits for plants, humans

...echanisms are mediated through the same structural elements of the protein -- that is by plugging the cytoplasmic entrance of the channel with an eolongated intracellular loop." By atomic scale, the structural difference between open and closed channels is telling. When open, the protein allows water to go ...

Max Planck researchers make a breakthrough in plant stem cell research

... between plant hormones and the genetic regulatory elements in meristem. The researchers in Tübingen used gene expression analysis to show that the genes ARR5, ARR6, ARR7 and ARR 15, "Arabidopsis Response Regulators", are subject to genetic regulation via the WUSCHEL gene. In particular, WUSCHEL restricts t...

New possibilities for flu antiviral and vaccine research emerge from 'Spanish flu' virus

...designated for flu viruses and heightened security elements mandated by the CDC's Select Agent program. "We felt we had to recreate the virus and run these experiments to understand the biological properties that made the 1918 virus so exceptionally deadly. We wanted to identify the specific genes responsib...

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