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Tag: "elements" at biology news

UCSD researchers discover internal compass of immune cell

..., 2006 issue of the journal Science, describes the elements of the "internal compass" that neutrophils use to detect and migrate towards chemoattractants, markers of infection and inflammation that are released from bacteria and inflamed tissues. "These findings solve the long-standing puzzle of how neutrop...

New moth variety disarms plants guarded by selenium

...-defense hypothesis proposes that hyperaccumulated elements serve a defensive function against herbivory, the predation of plants by animals. In their new work, the researchers showed that the selenium in the hyperaccumulator plant species known as prince's plume (Stanleya pinnata) protects it from caterp...

Living laboratory found on shoreline statues

...nd mussels prefer habitats that are exposed to the elements but choose optimal positions that allow them to feed in the water column without getting battered by waves and currents. The Gormley statues not only provide a perfect anchor point but sheltered parts of the figures such as the inner thigh protect t...

Sunflower speciation highlights roles for transposable elements in evolution

...th a massive proliferation of transposable genetic elements that has occurred independently in the genome of e...g the activation and proliferation of transposable elements in plants. This is because in addition to their hybrid origins, each of the three hybrid species is ...

Mobile DNA part of evolution's toolbox

...iscovery is "tantalizing evidence" that copied DNA elements known as retroposons could be an important source ...fellow Gill Bejerano discovered the ultraconserved elements in 2003, and since then they have been trying to figure out how they arose and what function they se...

The secret lives of sea slugs

...al processing, and motor systems, the basic neural elements that control behavior in all animals. The sea slug has become a favored research model in this research arena over the past 40 years. "It's nature's gift to neurobiologists," says Wyeth. "It has a relatively small number of large, color-coded nerv...

Origen publishes in Nature a robust and versatile method for creating transgenic chickens

...chicken genome, including the insertion of genetic elements for the production of human therapeutics and the m...ent -- proved to be the key to introducing genetic elements into the chicken genome. As a result, we can now take transgene designs that work well in model syst...

Innovative method for creating a human cytomegalovirus vaccine outlined

...ng co-infection techniques to incorporate selected elements from several human rotavirus strains into a bovine rotavirus backbone. The vaccine that resulted takes advantage of the immunological characteristics of both the human and bovine viruses. This approach is conceptually similar to Maul's strategy for d...

How did cactuses evolve?

...t cacti. "[Our] analyses suggest that several key elements of cactus ecological function were established prior to the evolution of the cactus life form," explain the authors. "Such a sequence may be common in evolution, but it has rarely been documented as few studies have incorporated physiological, ecolog...

Metal homeostasis research in plants will lead to nutrient-rich food and higher yielding crops

...lants engineered to be better sources of essential elements would offer humans improved nutrition. For example, over three billion people worldwide suffer from Iron and/or Zinc deficiencies. Food consumption studies suggest that doubling the Iron in rice can increase the Iron intake of the poor by 50 percent....

Scientists reverse evolution

...hes Medical Institute. "We've shown some of the elements involved in the process of evolution by reversing ...iving an example of how it actually happened ?what elements are involved and how you initially separate the functions, and how can you reconstruct the [ancient]...

Exxon Valdez oil found in tidal feeding grounds of ducks, sea otters

... sediments and not exposed to weathering and other elements that might degrade it, it could remain hazardous to wildlife for decades." The Exxon Valdez stuck an underwater rock formation on March 24, 1989, spilling 11 million gallons of heavy crude oil into the Sound over the next several days. Despite mass...

Pathway toward gene silencing described in plants

...to turn off repetitive genes, such as transposable elements that can move or spread throughout a genome and disrupt other gene functions if left unchecked. There is also interest in DNA methylation because understanding how some genes are selectively silenced and how silenced alleles can be turned on again ma...

T cells activated to fight HIV basis for dendritic cell therapeutic vaccine

...with their unique viral antigens comprise the main elements of the vaccine," said Charles R. Rinaldo, Jr., Ph.D., professor and chairman of the department of infectious diseases and microbiology at Pitt's Graduate School of Public Health (GSPH) and the study's senior author. In particular, the approach aims...

Case Western Reserve University researchers find protein associated with brain cell death

... fibrils," the researchers write. "These receptor elements act in concert to stimulate intercellular signaling cascades as well as initiate a novel type of phagocytosis (cell death) in microglia." "Vav has been found to be the key regulatory element within the intercellular signaling cascade," said Brandy...

BGSU biologist trying to crack microscopic code

...er membrane--a defensive barrier against the harsh elements of their environment, whether toxins in nature or the protective antibodies of an infected host. Specific proteins interact to support this shield, and knowing how they communicate would provide a key to disabling it, Larsen says. Once communicatio...

Innocuous intestinal bacteria may be reservoir for resistance

... on the farm. "This work suggests that mobile DNA elements like plasmids are responsible for the rapid spread of drug resistance on farms. Ecology appears to play a more important role in the emergence of drug resistance in Salmonella than therapeutic antibiotic use," says Sanchez. ...

Mice lacking key immune component still control chronic viral infections

...o take a more extensive look at what immune system elements play a role in controlling chronic viral infections." The study will be published in the May issue of Public Library of Science Pathogens. In chronic herpes virus infections, the body brings the invader under control, reducing its replication and...

UGA study explains peaks and troughs of dengue epidemics

... time. "It's a framework that highlights the key elements you need to take into account while developing a forecasting model," Wearing said. "Because if you were to build a forecasting model without understanding the trends in cross-immunity, you would not necessarily predict what we observe." The researc...

Researchers map out networks that determine cell fate

...ssues such as skin, brain and intestine. "We see elements of this framework of primary and secondary cell-fate determinants throughout the hematopoietic system," said study author Harinder Singh, the Louis Block Professor of Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investi...

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