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Tag: "efficiently" at biology news

Sex: It's costly but worth it. Just ask a microbe

...ir own, the first two groups of microbes performed efficiently and prolifically. The microbe couples, however, were slower to reproduce. But Xu also found that a fair bit of fluffing and flirting goes on when mixed pairs slide into a petri dish, and the results can be detrimental to their fitness. "We noticed t...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

... ATP. The other does the same thing - albeit less efficiently - without using oxygen in a process called glycolysis. Like the hybrid car, cells use oxygen and the internal combustion engine at higher speeds and rely on an electric engine without need for oxygen consumption at lower speeds. Cells consume gluc...

A large step forward in the fight against African sleeping sickness

...searchers was to get this truncated ApoL-1 variant efficiently to the place where it is needed: onto the surface of the parasite. Nanobody carries ApoL-1 variant to the parasite Under the direction of Serge Muyldermans and Patrick De Baetselier, VIB researchers have previously produced a nanobody (a very smal...

Nano-particles effective in killing cancer with one-two punch of chemotherapeutics

...en any carrier system that can carry both drugs as efficiently to a tumor," said Fariyal Ahmed, the lead author, former doctoral student in bioengineering,and now a fellow at Harvard Medical School. "Polymersomes get around those limitations". Discher developed polymersomes with Penn bioengineer Daniel Hamme...

Stem cell transplants improve recovery in animal models for stroke, cerebral palsy

...herapy could be produced, conveniently stored, and efficiently delivered on a widespread basis. We believe that we can achieve that with MultiStem TM ," commented Dr. Van Bokkelen. In extensive animal testing, the mature stem cells have been shown to be safe, and do not form tumors or other abnormal tissue, a ...

Marrow-derived stem cells deliver new cytokine to kill brain tumor cells, offer protection

... bone marrow ?were able to track to the tumor very efficiently and, like a heat-seeking missile, deliver a killer depot," said John S. Yu, M.D., neurosurgeon, co-director of the Comprehensive Brain Tumor Program at the Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, and the article's senior author. "We obtained the stem ...

Alaska seal pup diet may hold key to decline of population

...searchers are: Examining fecal matter to see how efficiently the animals in the two groups digest their food. A...the low fat diet may be processing their food less efficiently and eliminating needed nutrients. Measuring bone growth to see if one group grows more quickly. M...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

...s say that a critical element in the enterprise to efficiently characterize the "human cancer genome" --a comprehensive collection of the genetic alterations responsible for major cancers--is the strategic comparison of human tumors with those of mice. As a demonstration of the value of such strategic compari...

Polymers show promise for lab-on-a-chip technology

...n microfabrication that can be used to cheaply and efficiently pattern response materials," said Anastasia Elias, a PhD student in Dr. Michael Brett's group in the U of A Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the first author of the paper. LCPs are often described as "artificial muscles" that ca...

Unusual mechanism keeps repair protein accurate

... study, Suo and his colleagues wanted to learn how efficiently the new protein made new DNA. But the researchers initially considered the protein too large and difficult to produce in the laboratory. So instead of making the entire protein, the researchers made only the part that does the repair work, regions th...

Survival of the selfless - scientists find cheats don't always prosper

...orner were the 'cooperators', which produce energy efficiently by taking in sugar slowly and fully converting into energy all that they ingest. This method maximises resources available to the group by avoiding any waste. Against them were the 'cheaters', which produce energy rapidly by quickly taking in all t...

Super-sized cassava plants may help fight hunger in Africa

...tory. Sayre said that cassava produces sugar more efficiently than any other cultivated plant. "We wanted to find a way to help the plant redirect that excess sugar and use it to make starch," Sayre said. The researchers used a variety of cassava native to Colombia (cassava was brought to Africa from South Am...

Finding a better way to make biodiesel

... Lin's particles can also be used as a catalyst to efficiently convert animal fats into biodiesel by creating a mixed oxide catalyst that has both acidic and basic catalytic sites. Acidic catalysts on the particle can convert the free fatty acids to biodiesel while basic catalysts can convert the oils into fuel....

T cells activated to fight HIV basis for dendritic cell therapeutic vaccine

...of the approach is to teach killer T cells to more efficiently find, detect and destroy HIV infected cells. Our v... to figure a way to activate the CD8 cells to more efficiently control HIV, the researchers focused on a molecule called interleuken-12 (IL-12). When dendritic cel...

Ready, set, mutate?and may the best microbe win

...l the competition by virtue of its ability to most efficiently metabolize food at high temperature. The metabolic protein required to thrive at high-temperature could only be made in one genetic region of the bacteria's DNA, meaning the researchers had only to characterize that small region of the genome for ea...

Natural vitamin E tocotrienol reaches blood at protective levels

...very well. "Our results demonstrate that TCT is efficiently delivered to the bloodstream despite the fact that the transfer protein has a lower affinity for TCT than it has for TCP," Sen said. Absorption of TCT is increased when the supplement is taken with fat-containing food, so the research participants to...

Stem cells found in adult skin can be transplanted and function in mouse models of disease

...ience paper, the research team found that SKPs can efficiently generate a type of glial cell, called Schwann cell...velopmental Neurobiology. "Our finding that we can efficiently generate and isolate these Schwann cells from SKPs raises the possibility that we could treat humans...

A single sugar found responsible for an antibody's ability to treat inflammation

... state to one that is pro-inflammatory and able to efficiently dispose of the foreign challenge. To test the theory, Ravetch and his colleagues tried enriching IVIG for the IgG molecules that contained sialic acid. They found that just enriching for this IgG species increased IVIG activity by a factor of ten,...

Parallel evolution: Proteins do it, too

...licated genes in African colobines functioned more efficiently at the typical acidity level of the colobine small intestine, he found. "Then our question was whether the similar functional changes were due to identical amino acid changes at the protein sequence level," Zhang said. "Indeed, we found three amino ...

C-myc required by the immune system

...' of previous infections. In order to rapidly and efficiently respond to new infections, the immune system evolved such that it stores a 'memory' of previous attack by pathogens. The specialized cells involved in this process are known as 'T memory cells'. The T memory cells are normally maintained at a low lev...

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