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Tag: "efficient" at biology news

Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders

...rops in fields inoculated with the supposedly most efficient strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria do not always take up that strain - an expensive problem for farmers. "The most effective strain is not always best at competing for nodules," Simms said. "Is it the plant or the microbe that determines this? Have ...

Scientists fetch useful information from dog genome publications

... a functional trade-off between high-speed, energy efficient running versus limb strength. Mammals specialized for running tend to exhibit large pelvic bones and relatively slender limbs." In the second manuscript, Lark's team describes the genetic basis for sexual dimorphism, or size differences between mal...

Dog genome sequenced

... a functional trade-off between high-speed, energy efficient running versus limb strength. Mammals specialized for running tend to exhibit large pelvic bones and relatively slender limbs." In the second manuscript, Lark's team describes the genetic basis for sexual dimorphism, or size differences between mal...

Marsupial genome reveals insights into mammalian evolution

...mals, such as the human and the mouse, is not very efficient because their genes can be so similar it is hard to pinpoint regions that remain unchanged because they serve a particular purpose. In contrast, comparison of distantly related genes, such as the chicken and human, can be difficult, because the seque...

Hot-spring bacteria flip a metabolic switch

...ed, making it difficult to perform respiration--an efficient energy-generating pathway that requires O2 to rele...stead, the cells must rely on fermentation--a less efficient energy-generating pathway that can proceed without oxygen. Steunou and colleagues found that at nigh...

Cortex matures faster in youth with highest IQ

... connections as the brain matures and becomes more efficient during the teen years. "People with very agile minds tend to have a very agile cortex," said Shaw. The NIMH researchers are following-up with a search for gene variants that might be linked to the newly discovered trajectories. However, Shaw notes...

Carnegie Mellon scientists show brain uses optimal code for sound

...versity have discovered that our ears use the most efficient way to process the sounds we hear, from babbling b...e signal processing to one day allow for much more efficient data storage on everything from DVDs to iPods," Lewicki said. "For instance, if we could use a coch...

Scientist uses dragonflies to better understand flight

...al wisdom holds that airplanes (airfoils) are more efficient because they travel from point to point with no wa...can use these ideas to build a flapping machine as efficient as a fixed-wing aircraft. Questions of size and feasibility remain. "To hover well or to fly for a ...

UW scientists unravel critical genetic puzzle for flu virus replication

...l drugs and harness flu viruses for speedier, more efficient vaccine production. The work is especially critica...her to speed and optimize vaccine production. More efficient methods of vaccine production will be critical should a global outbreak such as the "Spanish " flu p...

Alcoholism, smoking and genetics among Plains American Indians

...ism, Val158Met. "The Met allele results in a less efficient enzyme and therefore probably more dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain," she said. "The Met allele has also been associated with increased anxiety and neuroticism, increased emotionality in response to pain, and greater brain activation in resp...

Researchers reverse juvenile diabetes in animal model

...ream and normally function as one of nature's most efficient immune function cells. The cells identify foreign substances such as cancer cells, process these foreign substances, and then jumpstart the immune response by bringing these foreign substances to the attention of T cells. Once harvested, researchers...

York researchers develop pollution-busting plants to clean up contaminated land

...dy existing in the soil but putting it into a more efficient machine to biodegrade the RDX. It is a sustainable, low maintenance and low cost process which has the potential to clean up large areas of land in military training ranges or industrial sites." So far, the research has involved redeploying the enzy...

Detection of DNA on nanotubes offers new sensing, sequencing technologies

...of hazardous biological agents to simpler and more efficient forensic identification. In the Jan. 27 issue of the journal Science, chemical and biomolecular engineering professor Michael Strano and his students reported that single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with DNA could be placed in living cells and de...

Junk DNA may not be so junky after all

... Hopkins have invented a cost-effective and highly efficient way of analyzing what many have termed "junk" DNA and identified regions critical for controlling gene function. And they have found that these control regions from different species don't have to look alike to work alike. The study will be publishe...

Environmental metagenomics diagnosing extreme environments, tapping opportunities for clean energy

...nhabiting the termite hindgut, among nature's most efficient bioreactors--capable of generating two liters of hydrogen from fermenting just one sheet of paper. Rubin will discuss these advances on a panel entitled "Biosphere Monitoring and Ecosystem Forecasts: Sensing the Pulse of the Planet," organized by S...

Infused spleen cells found not to impact islet recovery and reversal of type 1 diabetes in mice

... Hopkins have invented a cost-effective and highly efficient way of analyzing what many have termed "junk" DNA and identified regions critical for controlling gene function. And they have found that these control regions from different species don't have to look alike to work alike. The study will be publishe...

Ahead of the game

...ligence has been widely supposed to make them more efficient as hunters. However, a new study forthcoming in the February issue of Current Anthropology argues that the hunting practices of Neanderthals and early modern humans were largely indistinguishable, a conclusion leading to a different explanation, also...

Lack of a key enzyme dramatically increases resistance to sepsis

...nits per milliliter of blood, suggesting that more efficient bacterial clearance occurs in the absence of caspase-12. Caspase-12 is also an inhibitor of caspase-1, a related enzyme involved in the inflammation process. Caspase-1 deficient mice are two-to-three times more susceptible to lethal Escherichia co...

Newly discovered protein kills anthrax bacteria by exploding their cell walls

...x spores have been released. "Anthrax is the most efficient biowarfare agent. Its spores are stable and easy to produce, and once someone inhales them, there is only a 48-hour window when antibiotics can be used," says Fischetti. "We've found a new protein that could both potentially expand that treatment win...

Stanford study of owls finds link in brain between sight and sound

...ntion, we plan to use that to drive learning in an efficient way," said Knudsen. He added that they eventually hope to show that they can make adjustments in the circuits of the owls' brains that will lead to improved performance in the owl. Understanding the mechanisms of attention naturally leads to the pos...

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