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Tag: "effect" at biology news

Scientists uncover link between ocean's chemical processes and microscopic floating plants

...r before, Wingenter said, but this study links the effect of increasing ocean acidity to changes in phytoplankton, which themselves produce "greenhouse gases." "Pronounced changes in some phytoplankton have been observed during previous experiments," said Wingenter. "The consequences for marine organisms,...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...hers believe the hybrid molecule will have minimal effect on healthy cells. Through the Johns Hopkins Technology Transfer Office, they have filed an application for a U.S. patent covering this class of compounds. ...

Soft-cell approach cuts animal tests

...ty of formaldehyde, which is known to have a toxic effect on the liver, liver type cells such as hepatocytes can be chosen. The in vitro technique is cheap and portable, so scientists can measure immediate toxicity events, rather than waiting for toxicity to be expressed as organ or organism failure man...

3 proteins may play important role in nerve-cell repair

...he nerve extensions. The researchers reversed this effect by restoring either GPR3 or GPR12 in the cells. High levels of the three proteins were also linked to higher levels of cAMP, with GPR6 and GPR12 increasing the level twofold to threefold. "Taken together," Saeki says, "our findings indicate t...

Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative disease

...could work as effectively on its own. In fact, the effect was more than simply additive). This was a demonstration that stem cell efficacy could be enhanced even without the need for genetic engineering. (The drug, a glycosphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor, is in a class of compounds called "substrate redu...

Synthetic peptide targets latent papilloma virus infections

... though, we've only shown that it has a short term effect of releasing the DNA from chromosomes, and this is a long way from curing cells in people." The researchers hope to partner with a biotechnology company to improve the peptide or develop better drug candidates, and ideally to find a formulation tha...

Scientists find hormone activity explains adolescent mood swings

... in response to stress, THP, actually reverses its effect at puberty, when it increases anxiety. This hor...lps the individual adapt to stress, with a calming effect produced half an hour after the event. Specifically, the GABA-A receptor is the target for stero...

A genetic 'gang of 4' drives spread of breast cancer

...ning off all four together had a far more dramatic effect on halting cancer growth and metastasis. Metastasis occurs when cells from a primary tumor break off and invade another organ. It is the deadliest transformation that a cancer can undergo, and therefore researchers have been looking for specific gene...

Anti-wrinkle compound causes pathological reaction in skin cells

...g of the fibroblasts would explain the antiwrinkle effect of DMAE, according to the researchers. "Even though DMAE is similar to medication, there is very little scientific documentation about its pharmacological and toxicological effects," explains Dr. Marceau, who stresses his goal is not to condemn th...

How fish species suffer as a result of warmer waters

...essential to develop a deeper understanding of the effect of water temperature on the biology of organisms under question. A new investigation, just published in the scientific journal Science, reveals that a warming induced deficiency in oxygen uptake and supply to tissues is the key factor limiting the st...

Researchers find gene mutation that causes infertility in male mice

...mal. The researchers believe this kind of dominant effect is closer to how real-life infertility occurs in humans. "People have been sequencing genes in humans, including the Dmc1 gene, to try and associate changes in gene sequences with infertility," said Schimenti. "There have been occasional reports th...

Research finds music training 'tunes' human auditory system

...icate that experience with music at a young age in effect can "fine-tune" the brain's auditory system. "Increasing music experience appears to benefit all children -- whether musically exceptional or not -- in a wide range of learning activities," says Nina Kraus, director of Northwestern's Auditory Neurosc...

Gene elevating breast cancer risk also causes prostate cancer

..., we still need more research to better assess the effect on cancer development. As the comprehensive mutation analysis was originally conducted on only 113 cancer families, it may be that there still are other PALB2 genetic defects accounting for heritable breast and prostate cancer susceptibility. Recent ...

Smell may outlast other senses

...suggested that aging alone had a small detrimental effect on smell. “However our sense of smell is vulne...ive sense of smell than healthy men but the gender effect was not apparent in smokers, people on medications or with a history of nasal problems. ...

Wired for sound: How the brain senses visual illusions

...of the brain processes that underlie this illusory effect ?the illusion of seeing two flashes in the presence of two auditory signals, when only one flash actually occurs ?can reveal how information from different senses are integrated in the brain. The study of 34 subjects was carried out in the labor...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

...f the azide respiratory poison, green light had no effect on the flagellar motors of these proteorhodopsin-equipped E. coli. By measuring the pmf of individual illuminated cells under different concentrations of azide or various degrees of lighting, the Berkeley researchers were able to quantify the coupli...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

...evelopment of type 1 diabetes in mice and that the effect is dependent on the induction of a certain subset ...e this same genetic predisposition and therapeutic effect in human type 1 diabetes patients, then this may prove to be a significant step toward preventing th...

Research on grey mould offers possible breakthrough in tomato cultivation

...the wild tomato to identify locations that have an effect on resistance. Ten areas were found that accommodated resistance factors against grey mould. DNA-markers were then developed for each area to be able to track the presence of each resistance factor in breeding programmes. Resistant tomatoes for sa...

Indicators for risk of heart disease are higher in passive smokers

...re to second-hand smoke has a clinically important effect on susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. "T...els. They found no significant association. The effect levels seen for fibrinogen and homocysteine were about twice as high when measuring cotinine levels ...

Biologists develop large gene dataset for rice plant

...encies in small RNA production can have a profound effect on development. "Small RNAs also have been associated with other important biological processes, such as responses to stress," Meyers said. "Many of small RNAs in rice have related sequences in the many important cereal crop plants, including maiz...

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