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Tag: "drives" at biology news

NASA snow data helps maintain nation's largest, oldest bison herd

...ons. Every winter, the deep snow in Yellowstone drives most bison to lower elevations as they embark on their quest for food. In this search, some bison will migrate beyond the Park's borders. When bison are outside the boundaries of Yellowstone, the management authority on the northern boundaries of Yel...

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

...in the enzyme that carry the electric current that drives the ion pump. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combined genetic methods ?to modify the enzyme structure ?with an analytical technique known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, which observes electron spin, she and her co-worker M...

Smokers quit after damage to brain region

...in "learned behaviors" rather than the fundamental drives necessary for survival. As a result, it might be possible to target one without disrupting the other. Hanna Damasio, co-director of the institute and holder of the Dana Dornsife Chair in Neuroscience, also stressed the difference between habitual a...

Baby fish 'smell their way home'

...tween populations of the same fish species is what drives evolution on the Reef and underpins the spectacular richness of its sea life, Prof. Kingsford says. "This genetic separation between reefs may be what gives rise to so many different species in coral reef systems." The researchers were intrigued h...

OHSU lab finds meth receptor that could lead to therapy

... health effects as well as reduce the craving that drives its abuse. Working in the recently opened Program in Chemical Biology in the OHSU School of Medicine's Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, scientists demonstrated the new target of meth, and its close relative amphetamine, is a G protein-co...

A genetic 'gang of 4' drives spread of breast cancer

...e shown that the abnormal activation of four genes drives the spread of breast cancer to the lungs. The new studies by Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers reveal that the aberrant genes work together to promote the growth of primary breast tumors. Cooperation among the four genes also enables cancer...

'Marathon mice' elucidate little-known muscle type

...ll Press, the discovery of a genetic "switch" that drives the formation of a poorly understood type of muscle. Moreover, they found, animals whose muscles were full of the so-called IIX fibers were able to run farther and at higher work loads than normal mice could. The findings could ultimately lead to no...

Brown cancer biologists identify major player in cell growth

...What can restart cell division -- the process that drives the development of embryos, the renewal of hair, skin and blood, and the creation of cancer -- is a single transcription factor called GABP, according to new research from The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital...

Researchers learn what sparks plant growth

...tury-old debate over which tissue system in plants drives and restricts cell growth. "Our work exposes the presence of cell-cell communication during growth, from the epidermis to the inner layers. Such a mode of communication is important for plants to maintain a coherent and coordinated growth of the s...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...n somewhat of a mystery and may hold clues to what drives the transition, says UW-Madison chemistry professor Martin Zanni, who led the new study. In trying to understand diabetes, "people have been looking at the fibers, but they should be looking at their formation," he says. "Somehow that mechanism i...

Female-led infanticide in wild chimpanzees

...female behavior repertoire in chimpanzees. What drives the behavior is not yet clear, but may stem from demographic shifts that alter sex ratios and put increased pressure on females competing for foraging areas. In their report, the authors note that the Sonso community had experienced a significant pop...

How to steer a moving cell

... proteins to the front or back of the cell is what drives cell polarization and directional movement," said Klemke. "It is the steering wheel of the cell." Now the researchers want to determine how the large numbers of signaling molecules that make up the compass are functionally integrated to steer the c...

Targeting sugar on blood vessels may inhibit cancer growth

...asculature, in order to grow, and this vasculature drives metastasis. The research team, led by the paper’s principal investigator Jeffrey D. Esko, Ph.D., professor of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at UCSD, showed that modifying the action of heparan sulfate uniquely impacted the tumor vasculature, and i...

Carnegie Mellon scientists find key HIV protein makes cell membranes bend more easily

...itate a change in the shape of gp41, which in turn drives uptake of HIV RNA and proteins by the T cell. But the Carnegie Mellon work suggests that FP-23 plays another, equally important function — reducing the free energy of curved fusion intermediates. These fleeting shapes arise and disappear as HIV enter...

St. Jude study solves mystery of mammalian ears

...nly mammalian outer hair cells have prestin, which drives this cellular contraction, or somatic motility. The contraction pulls the tufts of cilia downward, which maximizes the force of their vibration. In mammals, both the cilia and the cell itself vibrate. Thus far the question has been whether the cilia ...

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