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Tag: "drive" at biology news

Did 'ABCs' cause Uganda's fall in HIV rates?

... in Uganda, they say, is that social circumstances drive them into transactional or commercial sex to pay for, among other things, schooling or gaining financial independence from family obligations. "Encouraging abstinence, while at the same time excluding sexual education and protection against HIV," th...

Pressured by predators, lizards see rapid shift in natural selection

...says, adding that behavioral flexibility may often drive extremely rapid shifts in evolution. "Evolutionary biology is by its nature an historical science, but the combination of microevolutionary experimentation and macroevolutionary historical analysis can provide a rich understanding about the genesi...

The first tree genome is published: Poplar holds promise as renewable bioenergy resource

... State. The poplar project supports a broader DOE drive to accelerate research into biofuels production, under the Bush Administration's Advanced Energy Initiative. In August, the department announced it would spend $250 million over five years to establish and operate two new Bioenergy Research Centers....

New HIV statistics indicate increasing toll of AIDS on African American community

... hardest. Our analysis identifies the forces that drive the epidemic in black America, and recommends proven, practical and affordable strategies that government must implement without delay to protect the health of African Americans." "It is a national tragedy that the AIDS crisis has continued unaba...

Does natural selection drive the evolution of cancer?

...production of cells in a tumor are the things that drive it towards malignancy. "Evolution is also driving therapeutic resistance," Maley adds. "When you apply chemotherapy to a population of tumor cells, you're quite likely to have a resistant mutant somewhere in that population of billions or even tr...

'Killer' B cells demonstrate evolutionary link between fish and mammal immune systems

...dentified apart from the complex interactions that drive other white blood cells. Sunyer and his colleagues discovered this previously unsuspected B cell activity while examining the immune cells of rainbow trout and catfish. The researchers determined that these attack B cells account for more than 30-4...

Renewed dolphin slaughter prompts new campaign

As the annual dolphin drive hunts begin in the Japanese villages of Taiji and ... meat is also used as pet food and fertilizer. The drive hunts also result in the capture of live dolphins for aquariums and interactive swim programs in Jap...

Winning by a neck -- Giraffes avoid competing with shorter browsers

...om other herbivores, such as kudu, that appears to drive giraffes to eat leaves high in the trees....

A simple feedback resistor switch keeps latent HIV from awakening

... The shape changes induced by binding or unbinding drive the complex into two different stable conformations. But , the authors found no experimental evidence for oligomerization of Tat; instead, both on and off forms appear to be monomers. Other studies have shown that Tat is activated by the addition...

Inflammation markers identify fatigue in breast cancer survivors

...nsation. IL6 is a biological chemical that helps drive initial immune responses within people. "IL-6 contributes to an activation of monocytes in the blood, and enables antigen presenting cells to activate T cells as part of the cellular immune response," Dr. Irwin said. The second component of the mark...

Tastes great! Study shows brain's response to pleasing -- and changing -- tastes

...disliking ?of the taste, and not to a salt-seeking drive or movement. The ventral pallidum is part of the limbic system of the brain, which is involved in motor-muscle control as well as pleasure and reward. In an accompanying editorial, University of North Carolina researchers Robert Wheeler and Regina ...

Worm links cancer risk to ageing

...as a gear, we have known for a long time that they drive the cancer engine; now we know that they also drive the longevity engine. This discovery has exciting potential as an area of inquiry into potential cel...

Zebra finch males prefer females with exaggerated maternal traits

...ir parents. Such learned mate preferences may help drive the evolution of exaggerated traits and strong morphological differences between sexes ?phenomena seen frequently in birds and other animals. The findings are reported by Carel ten Cate, Machteld Verzijden and Eric Etman of Leiden University, and app...

Increased sensitivity to nerve signals keeps diabetes at bay

...dney Diseases. "There may be ways to specifically drive up the number of M3 receptors expressed in pancreatic beta cells," Wess said. "It might also be possible to enhance M3 receptor signaling in beta cells by targeting proteins that modulate M3 receptor function in a specific fashion." Receptors of the...

Massive duplication of genes may solve Darwin's 'abominable mystery' about flowering plants

...ave attracted attention as a possible mechanism to drive sudden bursts of evolution, like the one that so v...w material to elaborate new genetic function could drive sudden evolution. But because of the rapid, massive gene loss after a whole-genome duplication, the...

Methane-belching bugs inspire a new theory of the origin of life on Earth

...complexity of the only known enzyme complexes that drive those reactions. Debate between the two camps has raged for two decades. By studying a microbe that Ferry discovered thriving in the oxygen-free, carbon-monoxide-rich sediment beneath kelp beds, he and his group have helped to break this impasse. Li...

Researcher gives hard thoughts on soft inheritance

...a species acquiring inherited characteristics that drive variation and evolution. Lamarck, for instance, believed that shore birds acquired their long legs by constantly stretching their legs to lift themselves out of the water and that generations later that kind of environment gave rise to birds with lo...

Mapping the protein world

...entific literature. This has created an incredible drive for further scientific development," Lamzin says. "The new funding gives us a push to advance the software's ability to recognise and distinguish different types of macromolecular objects, for example DNA, and to improve the automated generation of s...

UGA researchers find that hunting can increase the severity of wildlife disease epidemics

...h season because if it's too early or late, it can drive the population to extinction," Rohani said. "If we want to control a disease in the host population, the timing of the hunting season can be chosen to be optimal for that." ...

New light microscope sharpens scientists' focus

...r inside cells. These are the interactions that drive cellular activity, and watching them in action will be important to understanding the interface between molecular and cellular biology. "As the PALM technology advances, it may prove to be a key factor in unlocking at the molecular level secrets of i...

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