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Tag: "division" at biology news

Major link in brain-obesity puzzle found

...ative physiology and heads the biomedical research division of the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center. In addition to revealing the importance of SH2B1 activity in the brain, the new paper shows that SH2B1 is expressed in four different forms in many tissues of the body, including fat cells kn...

Molecular motors and brakes work together in cells

...e not formed properly such basic functions as cell division and transport can go wrong, which may have implica... form the spindle -- a structure important in cell division -- and act as a railroad, of sorts, upon which molecular motors move protein packages for waste remo...

St. Jude announces breakthrough in eye cancer treatment

...son, M.D., a surgeon in the St. Jude ophthalmology division and a co-author of the paper. In those cases, the physicians institute aggressive systemic chemotherapy to reduce the size of the tumor, followed by one of several possible therapies such as radiation or lasers to destroy the remaining cancer cells i...

Key to zebrafish heart regeneration uncovered

...afish regenerated their heart tissue by the direct division of existing cardiac muscle cells adjacent to the injury, Poss said. However, Poss and colleagues found that the process more closely resembles what happens when a salamander regenerates a lost limb. In the salamander, the site of injury becomes th...

Signal protein shows promise for blocking tumor promoters in skin cells

...e growth. Src kinases can be activated during cell division or through mutation. If these proteins are too active, they promote rapid cell growth that can spin out of control. In skin cells, Src kinases and Srcasm are involved in signaling pathways that control cell growth and differentiation. See Saw Act...

Molecular atlas provides new tool for understanding estrogen-fueled breast cancer

... estrogen receptor and the beginning of tumor cell division has been unclear. We've known of only a handful of the portions of genes that bind to the ER -- the so-called control regions that activate or deactivate the genes," says Dana-Farber's Myles Brown, MD, the senior author of the new study. "With this p...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

... initiate from stem cells. This regulation of cell division needs to be tightly controlled." Too little division results in poor maintenance of tissues, while too much can result in tumors or other malignancies. ...

Genome info from 'plant destroyers' could save trees, beans and chocolate

...interesting biology," said Maryanna Henkart, NSF's division director for molecular and cellular biosciences, which helped fund the work. "These new genome sequences will contribute to our basic understanding of normal plant-microbe relationships as well as their roles in disease," she said. ...

Cracking the egg

...g together an egg and a sperm, a whole lot of cell division and growth, and sooner or later a young organism that carries a mix of genes from both parents. There are many startling events along the way, but one of the most fundamental and important is the transition from unfertilized egg to fertilized embryo....

New clues to how sex evolves

...mes together during meiosis. This specialized cell division produces gametes, or sex cells, each of which has only one copy of each chromosome instead of the two copies most cells carry. During meiosis a cell replicates and then divides twice, resulting in sperm or eggs with just one set of chromosomes ea...

Tiny Tampa Bay fish key to evolution of immune system

...e asking the question why and where did this sharp division occur? What were the most primitive organisms that exhibit the molecules that we use in our adaptive immune systems?" Ostrov said. "In this study, we have identified the missing link between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system, a...

Newts which regrow their hearts

...At the same time, the cells embark on massive cell division to build up new heart muscle. It takes around two weeks for the heart function to be restored in the newt. The data shows that at this point the expression of the muscle-specific proteins is again normal, i.e. the cells have differentiated again, and...

NYU biologists identify gene that coordinates two cellular processes

... that chromosomes are divided properly during cell division and it is required for nuclear envelope function. ...they visualized the movement of MEL-28 during cell division in living embryos. Consistent with the idea that MEL-28 had function in chromosome segregation and t...

Fishy cooperation

...tment more often when hungry. The observed role division comes "naturally" to two predators with different hunting specializations, and is therefore far simpler to achieve than for members of the same species. Also, recruitment is quite common in the animal kingdom—for example, primates have specialized si...

First Quantum Grant to fund stem cell repair of damage from stroke

...Therapy at BCM. Robin Lovell-Badge, head of the division of developmental genetics at the National Institute for Medical Research in London, serves as co-principal investigator of the project. Other investigators in London include Jack Price and Mike Modo, both of the Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behav...

Rescuing injured hearts by enhancing regeneration

...n agent that overcomes a natural inhibitor of cell division with a naturally occurring growth factor that encourages blood vessel growth (angiogenesis). Together, these two agents enabled heart-muscle cells to multiply and the heart to regain its function after a simulated myocardial infarction. The study wil...

From hot springs to rice farms, scientists reveal new insights into the secret lives of archaea

... conducted independent studies on Crenarchaeota, a division of the Archaea domain that includes thermophiles and non-extremophiles. ''Crenarchaeota are everywhere-in soils, sediments, the deep subsurface and the ocean,'' he said. ''They are potentially the most abundant organism on Earth, yet we really had no...

Evolution and the workaround

...iae as their model organism and deleted a key cell division gene called MYO1. Surely, eliminating this import...ains, they found that those who were best at cell division had accumulated multiple copies of many of their chromosomes. Intriguingly, cancer cells also ac...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...tant pathways didn't die. But replication and cell division checkpoints slow down the cell cycle when damaged DNA is detected, and DNA repair mechanisms move in to fix the damage." However, if these replication checkpoints are crippled in flies that also have mutations in the H3K9 methylation and RNAi pathway...

Distinguishing friend from foe in the battle against cancer

...plants, also inactivates proteins stimulating cell division and in clinical trials has been combined with other drugs to halt cancer cell growth. But to cancer cells, rapamycin is both friend and foe. "Rapamycin is not as successful as initially expected in treating cancer," explains Ghosh. "Instead of kill...

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