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Tag: "divide" at biology news

Weizmann Institute scientists discover a molecular security mechanism for keeping mutations in check

...cells maintain a crucial balance, allowing them to divide and multiply while keeping the mutation rate, and therefore the cancer risk, to a minimum. ...

Worm links cancer risk to ageing

...vent cancer in humans by ensuring that cells don't divide if they are damaged also determine lifespan in the...t proteins' ?thought only to operate in cells that divide ?function in cells that no longer divide as well. The fact that they appear to have dual functions o...

With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane

...rld is flat-sometimes ''Imagine how a cell could divide if it weren't for the fact that the membranes were flexible,'' Boxer said. ''They must be flexible. You have endocytosis, exocytosis, all these processes which involve dynamic reorganizations of membranes.'' The membrane that surrounds a cell or the...

Stem cell expansion

... of a gene called HOXB4 can instruct stem cells to divide and make more stem cells. When the researchers tested those expanded cell populations in monkeys that had received a lethal dose of radiation, they found that they were better at reconstituting the monkeys' immune and blood systems. HSCs are found...

Key gene controlling eye lens development identified

...e part of the brain called the cerebrum to fail to divide normally into two lobes. Holoprosencephaly is the most common abnormality of the development of the forebrain (front part of the brain) in humans. A few years ago the St. Jude team demonstrated that Six3 activity is critical for the normal developmen...

Handling HPV vaccines and screening: The views of 100 authors

...e World Health Organization) to bridge the digital divide in health information access ( http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ ). ...

Stem cell activity deciphered in the aging brain

...brains are not reduced in number, but instead they divide less frequently, resulting in dramatic reductions in the addition of new neurons in the hippocampus. To conduct their census, the researchers attached easy-to-spot fluorescent tags to the neuronal stem cells in the hippocampus in young, middle-aged...

Does natural selection drive the evolution of cancer?

...n a tumor-cell population. When mutant tumor cells divide to replicate, the daughter cells share the same mu...ment, they no longer require an external signal to divide as healthy cells do, and they are able to suppress a vital set of internal instructions that require...

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

...cells. Down syndrome, in which chromosomes do not divide properly in egg cells, also is thought to be caused by defects in kinesins. Finding methods to stimulate kinesin activity might help in the treatment of these human diseases, the researchers said. Conversely, drugs that inhibit kinesin activity migh...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...st cells are good and rich in nutrients, the cells divide by mitosis--that is, the DNA duplicates so each da...ctivates a process called meiosis. Here, the cells divide into germ-cell spores that, like mammalian egg and sperm cells, have half the number of chromosomes....

Embryonic stem cells do better on bumpy nanoscale mattress

... under the right conditions have the potential to divide indefinitely, without losing their pluripotent properties. But until now, HES cell cultures had a tendency to spontaneously differentiate, that is, to veer off without warning into a developmental pathway. HES cell cultures have to be closely watch...

From hot springs to rice farms, scientists reveal new insights into the secret lives of archaea

...ancis said, noting that most biology textbooks now divide life into three domains-Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, a category that includes plants, animals, fungi, algae and protozoa. Scientists believe that the most recent common ancestor of all three domains was a single-cell organism that lived in extre...

Studies find general mechanism of cellular aging

...cate that certain stem cells lose their ability to divide and replace themselves with age as the expression of p16INK4a increases," said Sharpless, a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. The trio of reports are published online Sept. 6 in the journal Nature. The three research teams ...

Math model predicts cancer behavior

...dom behavior of cells." In the model, when cells divide they randomly choose from a set of 100 different "...cell might choose characteristics that allow it to divide more quickly or to detach from its neighbors. The investigators set the environmental conditions: th...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

...ory cells ?in order to self-renew. Stem cells can divide and turn into many types of new cells. The niches ...ells. Importantly, stem cells have the capacity to divide throughout the life of an organism. They do so through regulated external stimuli that may initiate ...

New test helps identify hepatitis C patients at high risk of developing cirrhosis

...stage liver disease, the researchers were able to divide them into a high-risk category based on their gene pattern, compared with those who had low-risk gene patterns. "The Cirrhosis Risk Score was superior to the known clinical factors, such as alcohol consumption, in predicting the risk of developing...

Reactivated gene shrinks tumors

...more likely to become cancerous, because they will divide uncontrollably even when DNA is damaged. In this study, the researchers used engineered mice that had the gene for p53 turned off. But, they also included a genetic "switch" that allowed the researchers to turn p53 back on after tumors developed. ...

Liposuctioned fat stem cells to repair bodies

...d off, and stem cells rely on them heavily as they divide and mature. The Oslo team has found that low rates of DNA methylation, for instance, boost the chances of transforming fat stem cells from one cell type into another. "Look at a cell’s epigenetic profile," says Collas, "and you may be able to predict...

Motor protein plays key role in connecting neurons

...including muscle cells and those that turnover and divide rapidly, such as skin and intestinal cells, and eggs or oocytes. The rapidly moving protein is easily degraded and needs tight regulation. "If you don't want to have dramatic changes in your neuron structure, you don't want this molecule," ...

New antibacterials being developed to tackle MRSA superbug

...me Trust block the ability of the MRSA bacteria to divide and multiply. They do this by inhibiting the function of the bacterium's FtsZ protein, which is essential for cell division. FtsZ is not found in humans so targeting a unique protein like this should reduce the likelihood of side-effects in patients....

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