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Tag: "divergent" at biology news

Association of herpesvirus with lung disorder questioned

...ion, there are other possible explanations for the divergent data. For example, the pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension in Japan may be different from that in the United States. The sensitivity and methods of the tests used in each study may also have differed. "We hope that our results provide sci...

Scientists document complex genomic events leading to the birth of new genes

...family genes have functions that are significantly divergent from those of RanBP2, Bork and his co-workers examined the subcellular localization of one of the RGP-family isoforms. In contrast to RanBP2, which is found exclusively at the nuclear envelope, this RGP-family protein was detected in discrete cytopla...

Alcohol consumption disrupts breastfeeding hormones

...oth. However, following alcohol consumption we saw divergent responses in these two key hormones that control lactation." After consuming alcohol, women took longer to eject the first drop of milk and produced less milk overall, physiological effects related to the alcohol-induced changes in oxytocin. The cu...

Divergent life history shapes gene expression in brains of salmon

... her colleagues differed from most examinations of divergent life histories, in any vertebrate species, in that it combined the use of wild individuals, caught in a tributary of the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts, with new functional genomics technologies to simultaneously monitor thousands of gene...

Rodent social behavior encoded in junk DNA

...nd polygamous vole species and accounted for their divergent lifestyles. Yet, how such behavioral differences could have evolved in animals that otherwise appear almost identical remained a mystery. "This research appears to have found one of those hotspots in the genome where small differences can have large...

Two designer drugs hit same lung cancer target, but only one is effective

...nal Cancer Institute, the researchers say that the divergent results add to growing evidence that mutations in the targets of designer drugs critically influence their effectiveness. Erbitux is an effective inhibitor of EGFR signals in colorectal cancer, which involves a normal, not mutant, EGFR molecule. "We...

Zebrafish may hold key to improved cancer research

...conserved through hundreds of millions of years of divergent evolution in species ranging from worms to fruit flies, fish and humans. When it functions normally, B-myb appropriately regulates cell proliferation. When it becomes mutated, either through genetic predisposition or environmental influences, the fo...

Islands in the Genome Promote Speciation

...sing on the 67 genes hypothesized to reside in the divergent regions should yield interesting clues to the identity of genes that drive speciation, and the mechanism by which they do so. This is a significant finding in the field of speciation research: in terms of methodology, this study shows that DNA micro...

Adult stem cells aid recovery in animal model of cerebral palsy

...sing on the 67 genes hypothesized to reside in the divergent regions should yield interesting clues to the identity of genes that drive speciation, and the mechanism by which they do so. This is a significant finding in the field of speciation research: in terms of methodology, this study shows that DNA micro...

Intelligently designed molecular evolution

...of the journal Nature. According to the theory of divergent molecular evolution, primordial enzymes and other ...omiscuous enzymes and other proteins evolved along divergent lines to acquire the specialized functions needed by a host organism to survive. "This process ...

For some young fish, early gene expression is a clear harbinger of fated lifestyle

... the same life history--but being genetically very divergent and occupying different habitats--suggests that the genetic program of a given life history has been a highly selected attribute during the evolution of brown trout populations. The findings also indicate that such striking differences in gene expre...

Sociality of sweat bees evolved simultaneously during climate change

...r relatives. The DNA sequencing sheds light on how divergent the various species are from each other, and the fossils allow the researchers to represent the phylogeny in terms of a timeline in millions of years. In 2002 and 2004, Danforth showed that the social evolution of the various species of halictid bee...

Genetic tug of war determines sexual differentiation

...ifferent genes encoding signaling proteins and the divergent pathways they control, according to a new study led by Duke University Medical Center cell biologists. In their experiments in mice, the researchers found that two specific genes, Wnt4 and Fgf9, are in equal balance in the early stages of developmen...

HIV-1's high virulence might be an accident of evolution

...examined nef gene variants taken from a variety of divergent SIV lineages. Nef variants from the great majority of primate SIVs, including the less virulent human strain HIV-2, suppress the expression of a receptor normally found on the surface of T cells, making the immune cells less responsive to activation...

Viral marker of human migration suspect

...on than previously thought. "The most genetically divergent human populations are in Africa," said Laura Shackelton, a postdoctoral researcher at Penn State's Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics. "But, in the case of this virus, strains from European communities appear to be the most divergent." The hu...

40,000-year-old skull shows both modern human and Neandertal traits

...f traits resulting from the blending of previously divergent gene pools. "The ultimate resolution of these issues must await considerations of larger samples of European early modern humans and chronologically intervening specimens. But this fossil is a major addition to the growing body of fossil, genetic ...

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