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Tag: "distinct" at biology news

UGA scientists unravel 'molecular inch-worm' structure of walking-pneumonia bacterium

... a term that describes cases of pneumonia that are distinct from acute, life-threatening pneumonia requiring a patient's hospitalization. Krause and others have been increasingly interested in the terminal organelle that develops on one end of M. pneumoniae because it is involved in cell division, adherenc...

How does a zebrafish grow a new tail?

...e regeneration of tail fins in zebrafish. Another, distinct signaling pathway activated by a different kind of Wnt protein called Wnt5b, turns down the genes that are turned on by Wnt/Beta-catenin, impairs cell proliferation, and inhibits fin regeneration. Fish that have a mutant Wnt5b protein regenerate miss...

Study suggests evolutionary link between diet, brain size in orangutans

...l, they compared 226 adult specimens from the four distinct populations occupying Sumatra and Borneo. Among these populations, orangutans of the Pongo pygmaeus morio species on Borneo "consistently exhibit the absolutely and relatively smallest cranial capacity," the researchers concluded. Although the rese...

Researchers make progress in studying genetic traits of India-born populations

...t people of the Indian sub-continent constituted a distinct group when compared to populations from other parts of the world," says Patel. Her group is using this study as a foundation for future studies on the genetic basis of various common diseases in Asian Indians-such as heart disease, which is highl...

Different strategies underlie the ecology of microbial invasions

...lue to both invading and defensive bacteria of two distinct microbial mechanisms of killing competitors: through the release of chemicals (for example, antibiotics or bacteriocins) and through the release of parasites (for example, bacterial viruses, known as phages). Focusing on the second mechanism in an ex...

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

...fic neuroendocrine disorder, or a Type 3 diabetes, distinct from other types of diabetes. They showed that insulin and IGF-I receptors are produced separately in the brain, and begin to disappear early in Alzheimer's and continue to decline as the disease progresses. As insulin signaling breaks down, it leads...

Affymetrix 500K array used to identify memory gene

...icating the Kibra gene finding in two separate and distinct groups of subjects. "This memory study is a perfect example of how the use of advanced technologies in human genetics yields fundamental discoveries," said Stephen P.A. Fodor, Ph.D., chairman and CEO at Affymetrix. To learn more about this break...

History-hunting geneticists can still follow familiar trail

...s birthplace in east Africa some 65,000 years ago, distinct mutations accumulated in the DNA of each population, essentially providing a genetic trail for modern researchers to follow. Recently some scientists have raised doubts about this classic genetic system to study ancient migrations of people and to e...

A new male-specific gene in algae unveils an origin of male and female

...on gave rise to reproduction though the joining of distinct sperm and egg cells. The findings, which indicate ... based in part on the anatomically and genetically distinct gametes, sperm and egg, produced by members of each sex. But the evolutionary origin of oogamy—repro...

Advance helps explain stem cell behavior

...ly-formed cells then need to arrange themselves in distinct patterns to perform life functions. "It's clear that there is an extended sequence of steps which turn some genes on and others off, allowing a cell to become a liver cell, for instance, rather than a brain cell," said Chrissa Kioussi, an OSU assis...

New mechanism underlying pain found

...pes of ion channels exist in the body, each with a distinct responsibility for sending a specific message, and that specific pacemaker channels exist in peripheral nerves as well as in the heart and the central nervous system. In the heart, for instance, signals generated by pacemaker channels stimulate the h...

Scientists get best look ever at water-life connection

...nd. But the water near the protein formed several distinct layers. The outermost layer flowed at a slower speed than in bulk water, and the innermost layer even slower. In that innermost layer, each movement of a water molecule to connect with the protein required at least 100 picoseconds to complete. So wh...

Resistance and genetic sensitivity to sleeping sickness

...y the mutation. The two studies conducted in two distinct foci of the disease, respectively at Sinfra in the Ivory Coast and at Bandundu in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1), revealed evidence of three associations between a DNA mutation and the development of the disease. Depending on their position on ...

Silver bullet: UGA researchers use laser, nanotechnology to rapidly detect viruses

...for the scientist who discovered it in 1928, is as distinct as a fingerprint. This phenomenon is well known, but Tripp explained that previous attempts to use Raman spectroscopy to diagnose viruses failed because the signal produced is inherently weak. But UGA physics professor Yiping Zhao and UGA chem...

High-throughput oncogene mutation detection in human cancers by mass spectrometry-based genotyping

... mass spectrometry test offers information that is distinct from the cancer microarray gene expression tests now being developed. "Those tests depend on gene expression while this one looks directly at problems in the genome," Dr. Garraway said. ...

LSU professor discovers new species

...kink found in the southern Philippines, in several distinct ways: different color patterns; its structure, or morphology; differences in scale count, which is one of the basic ways scientists distinguish between species; and significant genetic variations. These traits combined to confirm th...

Some butterflies travel farther, reproduce faster

...rs. It's in the genes The fritillary live in distinct patches -- rocky outcroppings containing plants that serve as food and provide a hospitable home for the butterfly larvae to spend the winter. There are about 4,000 such patches on the Ålands, with about 500 patches occupied in a given season, Hanski...

Nanoscale microscope sheds first light on gene repair

... colleagues determined that H2AX is distributed in distinct clusters uniformly throughout the nucleus and that the structure of these clusters may determine the boundaries of where gamma-H2AX spreads in response to a break. "The clusters may provide a platform for the immediate and robust response observe...

Progress made in HIV vaccine development

...of DNA priming and rAd5 boosting. Combining these distinct gene-delivery vaccination approaches has the potential to induce higher levels of T cell responses and a different quality of response than either approach by itself." As Robinson and Weinhold add, the idea behind combining strategies is that "the ...

T-beta-RIII joins the fight against breast cancer

...or, T-beta-RIII, might provide a mechanism for the distinct effects of TGF-beta at the different stages of breast cancer. Gerard Blobe and colleagues from Duke University showed that expression of T-beta-RIII by human breast cancer samples markedly decreased or was lost with disease progression. Conversely, ...

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