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Tag: "distinct" at biology news

Tandem transcripts team together

... picture in which the sequences in the genome have distinct functions, but rather one in which the sequences participate in multiple transcripts, encoding molecules with diverse functionality." Sorek's team systematically identified over 200 cases of TIC involving 421 human genes. They found that genes invo...

Scientists discover new genetic subtypes of common blood cancer

...r Institute and collaborators have identified four distinct genetic subtypes of multiple myeloma, a deadly blo...tinctive genomic features from the CGH data. Four distinct myeloma subtypes based on genetic patterns emerged: Two of them corresponded to the non-hyperdiploid...

Nano-particles effective in killing cancer with one-two punch of chemotherapeutics

..., known as polymersomes, allow them to deliver two distinct drugs, paclitaxel, the leading cancer drug known by brand names such as Taxol, and doxorubicin directly to tumors implanted in mice. Their findings, presented online in the journal Molecular Pharamaceutics, illustrate the broad clinical potential of...

Brain's own cannabis compound protects against inflammation

...ation. Such a role in the brain's immune system is distinct from cannabinoids' effects on neuronal signaling that produce the behavioral effects of marijuana. When Ullrich and colleagues analyzed brain tissue from people with MS, they found elevated levels of AEA, compared to healthy tissue. And in studies w...

Anemone genes reveal versatile building blocks for body plans

...daria, and they possess a radial body plan that is distinct from the familiar bilateral body plan exhibited by vertebrates and many other animals. Despite their superficial dissimilarities, Cnidarians and other animals share a common ancestor--which existed over 500 million years ago--and, consequently, many ...

Amber reveals ecology of 30 million year old spiders

...ize distributions of the spiders and comparing the distinct hunting traits of each species, Dr Penney found that web-spinning spiders were bigger in Baltic amber than in Dominican amber, but that there was no difference between hunting spiders in either region. It was also found the fauna of the amber produci...

Nanopore method could revolutionize genome sequencing

...nd chemically different, each base creates its own distinct electronic signature. Previous attempts to sequence DNA using nanopores were not successful because the twisting and turning of the DNA strand introduced too much noise into the signal being recorded. The new idea takes advantage of the electric fi...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

...understand how colon cancer develops. They found a distinct "signature" in the expression of miRNAs that predi...tem cell from non-stem cell activity. They found a distinct signature of 16 miRNAs that characterizes the crypt bottom. Further analysis revealed that the expre...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

...understand how colon cancer develops. They found a distinct "signature" in the expression of miRNAs that predi...tem cell from non-stem cell activity. They found a distinct signature of 16 miRNAs that characterizes the crypt bottom. Further analysis revealed that the expre...

Biomarkers may hone anti-aging therapies

...ia. Mitochondria, which have their own DNA that is distinct from the DNA in the cell's nucleus, serve as the "power plants" of the cell. They manufacture energy in the form of the molecule ATP. Energy generation includes, as a byproduct, the production of reactive oxygen species, which can damage the DNA pres...

APS lecturer shows rare video of 'teacher-student' immune cell interactions in live animal

... human body is estimated to contain 25-100 million distinct T cell clones, he said. When dendritic cells capture a foreign invader and bring it to the lymph node, many T cells stop by before one is able to recognize it. "The system, while cumbersome, works because of the amazing trafficking where they circle...

UC San Diego biologists solve plant growth hormone enigma

...enes, and shows that each gene is switched on at a distinct location in the plant. Contrary to the current thinking in the field, the research shows that the patterns in which auxin is produced in the plant influence development, a finding that can be applied to improving crops. "The auxin field dates back...

Gene discovery may shed light on kidney disease

...itive in establishing that those mutations cause a distinct variety of Alagille syndrome. However, it is the first study to report that mutations in the NOTCH2 gene cause human disease. Dr. Spinner is planning further studies to better characterize the role of NOTCH2 mutations and the Notch signaling pathway ...

Attacking cancer's sweet tooth is effective strategy against tumors

...y be cut off from oxygen-carrying blood vessels--a distinct disadvantage since most cells require oxygen to produce the bulk of their energy-storing adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In the 1920s, Otto Warburg proposed that some cancer cells evolved the ability to switch over to an ancient, oxygen-free route, the...

Stanford snake venom study shows that certain cells may eliminate poison

...hern copperhead. Again, the mast cells conferred a distinct protective edge. Testing the mast cell response even further, they also experimented with the venom from honeybees, with the same positive result. "The mast cells significantly limit not only the toxicity, but also the mortality associated with the...

Malaria, potato famine pathogen share surprising trait

... instead of its own. "Our findings show that very distinct microbes can share similar strategies for delivering toxic proteins to their targets," Kamoun said. About a year and a half ago, Kamoun and his group at Ohio State read studies conducted by the Northwestern researchers that described the leader sequ...

What's shaped like a pear and has 2 genomes? Check the pond

...es, Tetrahymena has, inside each of its cells, two distinct nuclei, each with a different genome. Inside one nucleus, the "micronuclear" genome is reserved for sex and reproduction, remaining genetically silent during growth. Inside the second, working nucleus is the "macronuclear" genome, which expresses gen...

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing tool updated

...y are equipped with their own genetic instructions distinct from the DNA stored in the cell nucleus. The authors say their full-sequence chip will be a key tool in accelerating research on mitochondrial DNA, a growing area of scientific interest. This interest stems from data that suggests natural sequen...

New HIV study identifies high-risk subgroups of adolescents

... participants. By contrast, amongst the girls, two distinct profiles emerged: the cluster with the highest amount of unsafe sex reported only moderate substance abuse and low numbers of mental health issues, whereas the group of girls who reported only moderate amounts of unsafe sex acts had significantly hig...

Unusual mechanism keeps repair protein accurate

...the repair protein worked. The protein has four distinct regions, or domains. Three of the regions had molecular structures that strongly suggest the task they performed. For example, regions three and four closely resemble a well-known repair protein called DNA polymerase beta. In fact, it was this sim...

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