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Tag: "distinct" at biology news

Multiple genes permit closely related fish species to mix and match their color vision

...rom individual species' using different subsets of distinct visual pigments. The scientists showed that although an unexpectedly large group of these visual pigments are available to all the species, each expresses the pigments selectively, and in an individual way, resulting in differences in how the visual ...

Membrane research opens window to benefits for plants, humans

...y same water channels. It is amazing that although distinct cellular signals are involved in these two types of closing events, both mechanisms are mediated through the same structural elements of the protein -- that is by plugging the cytoplasmic entrance of the channel with an eolongated intracellular loop...

Neurons generated in the adult brain learn to respond to novel stimuli

...ory neurons simply replace older neurons or play a distinct role in learning and memory. The investigators used two groups of mice whose precursor cells had been labeled to mark those that were dividing, allowing identification of newly generated, adult-born neurons. These mice were then exposed either to a...

Team led by Carnegie Mellon University scientist finds first evidence of a living memory trace

...e network level. We are also the first to detect a distinct signature, not only of a sensory short-term memory, but one that developed after a single exposure to a previously unknown stimulus, so that there is no context," said Galán. "All previous studies in this field have observed only a sustained, non-spe...

Compound from marine bacteria shows potential as multiple myeloma therapy

...bitor with a chemical structure and action that is distinct from bortezomib, and has the promise of being even more effective for patients," says Kenneth Anderson, MD, director of the Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center at Dana-Farber, and senior author of the report. The compound will be moved into Phase...

Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution

...evolutionary process, the researchers examined two distinct cave-dwelling fish populations. To provide a frame...tations in the same gene, or they had mutations in distinct but closely linked genes. To clarify their results, the researchers performed a complementation test...

Molecular research suggest shift needed in how some drugs are created

...ceptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4). They found a distinct highly structured loop between two helices that is remarkably different from that found in Pelle, an IRAK-4-like "death-domain" protein from Drosophila melanogaster that was determined nearly a decade ago. The death domain is so-named because of a re...

Genetic analysis of Asian elephants in India reveals some surprises

...ian elephants in India is actually two genetically distinct groups. The results of the study, which appear in ...amined DNA from the samples and found that, of the distinct populations found in India, the groups that inhabit the forests in the northeast of the country is a...

Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction

... the nasal cavity, the pheromone sensory system is distinct from the sense of smell, as are the chemical receptors involved. In animals possessing a pheromone sensory system -- including mice, dogs, cats, and elephants -- the system governs a range of genetically preprogrammed mating, social ranking, maternal...

The brain is broadly wired for reproduction

...mammals, the olfactory and vomeronasal systems are distinct pathways for sensing chemicals in the environment. While the main olfactory system that begins in the nose processes odors, the vomeronasal (accessory) system receives signals -- triggered by pheromones -- from the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the nasa...

How E. coli bacterium generates simplicity from complexity

... electron acceptor used, E. coli exhibits only six distinct functional states. "This study gives a systems biology view of how a phenotype, or a 'network state' advantageous to a microorganism is comprised of a tiny subset of a much larger universe of possibilities as provided for in the genome," said Palsso...

A resetting signal keeps circadian rhythm on track in Drosophila fruit flies

... published last year in Nature, had shown that two distinct groups of clock neurons determine morning and evening activity. The present study greatly advanced the understanding of how temporal coherence between these two cell groups, and between their behavioral outputs, is achieved. ...

USC researchers track down the stem cells that create feathers

... nature. In this way, we can take advantage of the distinct patterns of the feather as a model to understand the fundamental principles of organ formation and regeneration," Chuong notes. "Nature is the best teacher for tissue engineering. What we decipher from our animal models can then be applied to help hu...

Sleeping sickness parasite shows how cells divide their insides

...n's group has identified a new cellular structure, distinct from the basal body, involved in the duplication of the Golgi apparatus and defined by a highly-conserved protein, Centrin2. This structure has two lobes -- one at the old Golgi, the other where the new Golgi forms. Once a new Golgi has grown, the Ce...

Yale scientists decipher 'wiring pattern' of cell signaling networks

...e kinases in the yeast cell. The map shows several distinct patterns. "It was a little like having all the pieces of an airplane separated out, and not knowing how those pieces function together to create an airplane and make it fly," said Snyder. "We wanted to know how the tens of thousands of proteins coor...

Patterns in genome organization may partially explain how microbial cells work

...enome is arranged into relatively large physically distinct coils inside the cell, but nobody knows for certain," Allen said. "One of the take-home messages of our study is that we need to develop more ways to measure the location of specific genes within individual cells." Palsson's team included Allen, rec...

Pacific Islands paradise protected

...of the Republic of Kiribati, which comprises three distinct island groups (Gilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands and Line Islands) with a total of 33 islands to make it the largest atoll nation in the world. President Anote Tong said establishing the Phoenix Islands Protected Area ensures that the people of Kirib...

UW scientists unravel critical genetic puzzle for flu virus replication

... The RNA segments, according to Kawaoka, form in a distinct pattern abutting the membrane of the virus. They are always arranged in a circle of seven surrounding another segment for a total of eight RNA fragments. "It was not really known whether the fragments were coming as a set," explains Kawaoka, whose t...

Powerful new tool for studying brain development

...n through a microscope. The images are obtained at distinct time points and show where and when specific genes...ifferent regions of the central nervous system are distinct diseases because they arise from different stem cells is an important insight," said Richard Gilbert...

Three new species of lemurs identified

...ecific gene sequence. The new species also live in distinct geographical areas. They had not been identified f... b gene, however, the researchers identified three distinct species within the former species Lepilemur ruficaudatus and two distinct species within the former ...

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