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Tag: "distinct" at biology news

3D Atlas Will Help Navigate The Spinal Cord

...involves the use of specific antibodies. The often distinct distribution of these chemicals in the rat spinal cord is like a "signature" for one type of nerve cell and its processes. Because most of the neurochemical proteins are conserved across species, they are present not only in a particular group of ne...

'Underground' tunnels discovered as means for communication between immune system cells

...early a third form of intercellular communication, distinct from gap junctions and synapses used by nerve cells. And, it is possible that tunneling nanotubules are essential for the function of the immune system, just as gap junctions are critical for the function of cardiac muscle. Exactly how this is so, we...

Methamphetamine Abuse, HIV Infection Cause Changes in Brain Structure

...ffects of methamphetamine and HIV on the brain are distinct but may affect the same brain regions, so understanding how the underlying mechanisms interact also may lead to more effective therapies and the information should be useful in guiding future studies,?Dr. Volkow concludes. ...

Environment, not genes, key in family relationships

...ults are consistent with the notion that there are distinct gene-based systems lying within and helping to shape family interaction systems," said lead author John C. Loehlin, Ph.D., professor emeritus in the University of Texas-Austin's psychology department. "But direct evidence of this and of the details o...

Yale scientists identify structure for RNA quality control

... RNAs. "The crystal structures of Ro revealed two distinct RNA binding sites, one of which recognizes misfold... RNAs. "The crystal structures of Ro revealed two distinct RNA binding sites, one of which recognizes misfolded small RNAs. Unlike most proteins, Ro has a hole...

Eleven gene 'signature' reliably predicts cancer prognosis

...fter therapy in cancer patients diagnosed with ten distinct types of cancer. This work indicates that the presence of the conserved BMI-1-associated gene expression pathway that exists in a very malignant subset of human cancers predicts a marked predisposition toward metastasis and a high probability of poo...

NHGRI expands effort to revolutionize sequencing technologies

...onstrate how to combine the sequence and maps into distinct haplotype sequences. Gregory L. Timp, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. $2.1 million (3 years) "Sequencing a DNA Molecule Using a Synthetic Nanopore" This group will explore the feasibility of sequencing a DNA molecule using a type...

A 'dimmer switch' for genes

...how elegantly proteins are put together ?forming a distinct shape, but with the versatility to respond to the changing needs of the cell, however subtle." The findings have long-term implications for the study of all proteins, because, according to Graves, any protein has the potential to be organized this w...

Human brain is still evolving

...plotypes, whereby each haplotype is, in essence, a distinct genetic variant of the gene. They found that they could further break the haplotypes down into related variants called haplogroups. Their analysis indicated that for each of the two genes, one haplogroup occurs at a frequency far higher than that exp...

Picky female frogs drive evolution of new species in less than 8,000 years

...ence over several thousands of years to generate a distinct species. "The overarching question is: Why are th...rthern frog populations would drift apart into two distinct species. In the case of the green-eyed tree frog, Moritz said, a subpopulation of the southern speci...

New research puts a fresh spin on current thinking of speech evolution in humans

...ain. Dr. Petrides and colleagues have identified a distinct brain region that controls jaw movements in macaque monkeys that is comparable to Broca's area - the region in the human brain critical for speech production. This discovery is important as it suggests that this area of the brain evolved originally t...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...s includes enzymes capable of recognizing over 200 distinct sequences, this new approach provided an unprecede...he scientists found that methyltransferases have a distinct advantage over other commonly used labeling techniques for DNA and other biopolymers. "Our approach ...

Scientists characterize proteome of human cornea

...uman cornea. In doing so, they have identified 141 distinct proteins, 99 of which had not been previously reco...the non-diseased human cornea. They identified 141 distinct proteins, 70% of which have not previously been identified in the cornea. This work is the most comp...

Brains response to visual stimuli helps us to focus on what we should see, rather than all there is to see

...of the six layers in the cortex is also wired into distinct circuits. But Callaway and Yoshimura tested the prevailing notion of columnar function by devising an experimental method that used glass microelectrodes to "listen" to two neurons at a time. They used rats, whose brain organization mirrors that of ...

The first laugh: New study posits evolutionary origins of two distinct types of laughter

...Binghamton University explore the evolution of two distinct types of laughter ?laughter which is stimulus-driven and laughter which is self-generated and strategic. "Laughter that occurs during everyday social interaction in response to banal comments and humorless conversation is now being studied," write ...

Newly discovered birdlike dinosaur is oldest raptor ever found in South America

...h of the dromaeosaurid family tree. This branch is distinct from Velociraptor and other Laurasian dromaeosaurids, including some of the famous feathered dinosaurs from China. Because Rahonavis has long and wing-like forelimbs, this finding could imply that flight may have evolved twice, once in birds and on...

New study expands understanding of the role of RNA editing in gene control

... a single gene can produce a number of related but distinct variant proteins. Most recently, scientists have discovered an extensive family of small molecules called microRNAs, or miRNAs, that appear to target and inactivate particular messenger RNAs. This targeted gene silencing is now seen as one of the bod...

Deep treasure to be found in Oculina Bank

...will be to determine if the deepwater version is a distinct species. This information is significant because t...ld only be possible if it is in fact a genetically distinct species. ...

First big influenza genome study reveals flu evolution

...k State, the researchers documented at least three distinct subpopulations (variants) of the H3N2 influenza vi...informatics and Computational Biology. "Pockets of distinct flu strains spread locally, with flu evolving in different directions. Then, when one strain mingles...

Scientists pinpoint inflammation gene

... inflammation in two geographically and ethnically distinct populations of people in the United States, one in...to see if they would replicate their findings in a distinct group of Texas families. A team of SFBR scientists led by Dr. Jean MacCluer is conducting a long-ter...

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