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Tag: "distinct" at biology news

Love's all in the brain: fMRI study shows strong, lateralized reward, not sex, drive

...onding, or attachment. "Humans have evolved three distinct but interrelated brain systems for mating and reproduction ?the sex drive, romantic love, and attachment to a long term partner," Fisher said, "and our results suggest how feelings of romantic love might change into feelings of attachment. Our result...

miRNA profiling

...ring zebrafish development. The authors cloned 154 distinct miRNAs (10 of which are completely novel) in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. They also identified ?for the first time ever in a vertebrate ?a new class of small RNAs, called repeat-associated small interfering RNAs. Because of the import...

Genetic defects give the immune system the green light to attack the pancreas

...In the mice with diabetes, two findings emerged ?a distinct decrease of activity in regions that governed the elimination of errant T-cells, and an increase of activity promoting their survival. The safeguard system was broken. The T-cells were alive and able to leave the thymus and attack beta cells. Now th...

Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery

...n as monocytes rapidly differentiated into the two distinct cell types, forming the body's emergency response to the detection of foreign bacteria. One category of defensive cells, macrophages, seek out and engulf the infectious bugs. The other group consists of dendritic, or "antigen-presenting" cells, which...

Bioelectronic ‘signatures?hold key to DNA mutations

...tals were selected owing to their ability to yield distinct electronic signatures, with four well-resolved current peaks. Next, the nanocrystals are piggybacked onto individual DNA bases; these DNA bases ?each carrying a single nanocrystal ?bind to a DNA sample and cause minute electrical current changes in t...

Researchers unlock mechanism creating jigsaw puzzle-like plant cells

...row and thrive. The findings point out that these distinct signals play a critical role in the development of leaf cell walls and leaf structures in a controlled and ordered way and that genetically over expressing one or the other leads to cells lacking the interlocking jigsaw puzzle appearance. While the ...

Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication

...es to see if the elephants could recognize them as distinct vibrations. "We wanted to determine if they can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar calls that are played back as seismic signals," O'Connell-Rodwell explains. To record the elephants' reactions, she and her colleagues buried an array of 22...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

... fish, urine, musk, and chocolate. Revealing these distinct ?but often overlapping ?patterns of neural activity represents a significant step in understanding how the brain translates complex signals from odorant receptors in the nose into odor perception in the brain, the researchers said. The research team...

Shutting down the HIV assembly line

...ng the assembly of HIV particles, specifically the distinct steps HIV structural proteins take in order to come together and create a viral particle. "The assembly process is just one part of the whole HIV life cycle," Spearman noted, "but it's an important part in that each step along the way is required to...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

... fish, urine, musk, and chocolate. Revealing these distinct ?but often overlapping ?patterns of neural activity represents a significant step in understanding how the brain translates complex signals from odorant receptors in the nose into odor perception in the brain, the researchers said. The research team...

Edible bivalves as a source of human pathogens: signals between vibrios and the bivalve host.

...h components and the ability of bacteria to affect distinct signaling pathways responsible for the hemocyte immune response. Laura Canesi, from the University of Urbino adds "In bivalve hemocytes, different Vibrio species and strains seem to adopt a common strategy utilized by pathogenic bacteria in mammalia...

Multiple-drug resistant gene expression pattern predicts treatment outcome for pediatric leukemia

... resistance to two widely used and mechanistically distinct antileukemic agents and provided new information about the cellular mechanisms involved in disparate response to these drugs. Specific genetic signatures related to ALL treatment failure and chemotherapeutic cross-resistance were more effective at i...

After a time-shift, mixed signals from the circadian clock

...d by a ventral (lower) group of cells, exhibited a distinct pattern of activity that corresponded to fast resetting of the clock. Perhaps contributing to the different behavior of the two groups of clock cells are the effects on these cells of the neurotransmitter GABA, which the researchers found to excite ...

Disease progression model of pancreatic cancer developed by Penn researchers

...n the Kras and p53 mutant mouse model demonstrates distinct similarities to human pancreatic cancer at multiple levels. "In terms of clinical presentation, metastatic burden, and histological changes in tissue, this model appears to closely mimic the human disease," says Hingorani. Clinical symptoms in the m...

Stanford gut check shows diversity of intestinal ecosystem

...16S rRNA gene sequences allow scientists to detect distinct bacteria. For each of the three research subjects, the researchers analyzed samples from six different anatomical sites inside the large intestine as well as a stool sample. Eckburg and his team determined more than 13,000 sequences of 16S rRNA. Mo...

Scripps scientists find potential for catastrophic shifts in Pacific ecosystems

... with "nonlinear" mechanisms. Measuring regimes as distinct from random wiggles in oceanographic time series has been elusive until this study. The biological shifts are more than random wiggles. On the contrary, and to their surprise, the researchers found that some key physical characteristics of the North...

Gene keeps neural cells on correct developmental path

...rvous system development by removing REST in three distinct phases, ending with shutting down the REST gene. "The cell gets rid of all the excess protein, kicks it off the DNA, then stomps on its head so it can't make RNA," Mandel said. "We can't detect REST in the terminally differentiated neuron." But some...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

...s presented by antigen-presenting cells in several distinct ways. For example, they attach a nitrate group to the amino acid tyrosine in the peptides, changing it to nitrotyrosine. Unanue's lab then showed that these changes increased the chances that various types of T cells would react to the modified pept...

Gov't Creates Gene Database of Normal Human Tissues

...e organ from another." Each organ revealed a very distinct profile of active genes, different from all others...le, though the cerebrum and the cerebellum are two distinct parts of the brain, located apart from each other and doing very different jobs, their gene expressi...

Fox Chase study shows that weakened T-cell receptor signals change T-cell lineage

...the T-cell antigen receptor complex, or TCR." Two distinct lineages of T cells utilize distinct types of TCR complexes. One lineage employs pairs of TCR proteins termed alpha-beta while the other ...

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