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Tag: "distinct" at biology news

'GreeneChip' -- New diagnostic tool that rapidly and accurately identifies multiple pathogens

...obial sequence database that integrates previously distinct reserves of information about pathogens—for every entry of a pathogen and its properties, the GreeneChip contains a correlate of its genetic makeup. GreeneChip performance was initially tested by using samples obtained from patients with respira...

Natural anti-viral enzyme helps keep cancer cells alive, researchers find

...ction called the "host defense response," which is distinct from the "adaptive" immune process, in which the body creates new antibodies against invading pathogens. A great deal is currently understood about how the adaptive immune system fights cancer and also helps create tissue environments permissive to c...

Who gives stem cells their marching orders?

...chemical concentration, moving apart and taking on distinct identities. The million-dollar question: How do these cells ?all initially the same, and exposed to the same environment ?end up acting in such different ways, and in so orchestrated a manner? Understanding the choreography involved in this mysteriou...

Researchers identify neurons that assign value during learning

... engineered transgenic fruit flies that express in distinct nerve cells a special ion channel, "channelrhodopsin-2," whose activity is light-sensitive (the protein is normally found in green algae). As a result of expressing channelrhodopsin-2, neurons could be activated simply by illuminating fruit fly larva...

NYU biologists identify gene that coordinates two cellular processes

...enes in the network, mel-28 had connections to two distinct modules. Piano and Fernandez tested the idea that mel-28 plays important roles in both chromosome segregation and nuclear envelope function. Part of this undertaking included examining the protein MEL-28, which the gene mel-28 encodes. By fusing me...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

... in three different resistant varieties. These are distinct but are situated in the same domain of the gene in a patch on the surface favourable for interaction with the virus. In these varieties, the mutation does not appear to alter the protein's role in its primary biological functions, but can prevent its...

How mammals fuel milk production may have implications for cancer

...pid, protein, and lactose. To accomplish this, two distinct developmental programs must be executed: first, ce...xpressed in the same areas of the mammary gland at distinct developmental stages. While Akt1 protein increases during pregnancy and lactation, Akt2 levels decli...

Transplanted photoreceptor precursor cells restore visual function in mice with retinal degeneration

... types of mice with retinal degeneration caused by distinct genetic defects involving malfunctioning or degenerating rods. The transplanted cells survived and were functional for the duration of the study. Scientists observed improvements including pupil response to light and response to light stimuli from g...

New clues to how sex evolves

...ll code for zinc-finger proteins, all of which are distinct from one another. "These different species of Caenorhabditis are evolving rapidly away from one another," says Dernburg. "The zinc-finger proteins bind to different sites in the Pairing Centers on their chromosomes, which prevents pairing during ...

Compound eyes, evolutionary ties

... to a fluorescent protein) allows the formation of distinct light gathering units in each of its 800 unit eyes, an evolutionary change to an "open system" that enabled insects to make significant improvements in visual acuity and angular sensitivity. In contrast, beetles (shown surrounding the fruit fly), bee...

Genome info from 'plant destroyers' could save trees, beans and chocolate

...ic importance, are fascinating organisms with very distinct and interesting biology," said Maryanna Henkart, NSF's division director for molecular and cellular biosciences, which helped fund the work. "These new genome sequences will contribute to our basic understanding of normal plant-microbe relationships ...

Math model predicts cancer behavior

...different "phenotypes" ?behaviors that result from distinct genetic characteristics. For example, a cell might choose characteristics that allow it to divide more quickly or to detach from its neighbors. The investigators set the environmental conditions: these include the oxygen and nutrient concentrations a...

Evolution of influenza A virus

...ative analysis of the samples revealed genetically distinct viral strains circulate across the state within any one season and occasionally exchange genes through reassortment. These results indicate that adaptive evolution occurs only sporadically in influenza virus, and that influenza virus diversity an...

Invasive ants territorial when neighbors are not kin

...ery genetically similar, but they were genetically distinct from ants in neighboring supercolonies. The resea... of Argentine ants. The biologists think that the distinct supercolonies in southern California arose from separate introductions of the ants, possibly in the ...

Neuron cell stickiness may hold key to evolution of the human brain

...r cognitive abilities are clearly one of the most distinct of all human attributes and we would expect these abilities to result from human-specific aspects of neuronal development. Our results also suggest that analysis of the differences in human and chimpanzee neuronal cell adhesion gene expression is a...

Key to zebrafish heart regeneration uncovered

...eceive the correct biochemical cue, they turn into distinct cell types, such as bone, muscle and cartilage, to form the new limb. Poss believes that when a portion of the heart tissue is removed from zebrafish, a blastema forms at the site of injury. However, the progenitor cells will not achieve their ful...

White blood cells of cancer-resistant mice overwhelm natural defenses of cancer cells

...cells in the cancer-resistant mouse requires three distinct steps: First, the white blood cells migrate to the site of cancer cells after sensing their presence. Second, they recognize unique properties on the surface of the cancer cells and closely surround those cells. Third, a lethal dose of each...

New research shows why too much memory may be a bad thing

...ve different, and in some cases, opposite roles in distinct types of memory storage, and that excess neurogenesis can be detrimental to some memory processes." "We believe these findings have important implications for diverse disciplines ranging from medicine to artificial intelligence," said Dr. Malleret...

When smell cells fail they call in stem cell reserves

...the sense of smell.? The discovery of these two distinct types of stem cells in one neural tissue is a first, says Reed, who is interested to see if other types of nerves in the body have similar repair mechanisms in play. ...

Turning a cellular sentinel into a cancer killer

..."When we reactivated p53 in these mice, we saw two distinct tumor phenotypes," said Jacks. "In lymphomas the responses were rapid, extensive and were accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. In the sarcomas, the response was less rapid often less extensive and was not accompanied by apoptosis. Instead the c...

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