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Tag: "disrupt" at biology news

St. Jude finds clues to hearing loss from chemotherapy

...tal. Mice with a variety of genetic mutations that disrupt different parts of the ear will also help scientis...rcome those problems." Individual mutations might disrupt the work of a cascade of genes that cooperate to construct certain nerves or sections of the inner e...

Study suggests evolutionary link between diet, brain size in orangutans

...t to periodic "El Niño" climatic fluctuations that disrupt vegetative growth on other islands in the Indonesian region, the researchers' report said. The scientists found that the nutritionally well-off Sumatran orangutans differed most strikingly from Pongo pygmaeus morio, one of the three subspecies occu...

Molecular 'on/off switch' controls immune defenses against viruses

...ting immunity, but viruses such as hepatitis C can disrupt the normal process to shut down immune defenses ea...on RIG-I, producing a protein called a protease to disrupt the signaling process, preventing interferon production and allowing viral replication. Just how...

Complexity constrains evolution of human brain genes

...ners evolve more slowly," Wu said. "Mutations that disrupt existing interactions aren't tolerated." Although the gene sequences from human and chimpanzee remain very similar, previous studies in tissues other than the brain have shown that gene expression varies widely. Other studies have found that, with...

P(acman) takes a bite out of deciphering Drosophila DNA

... in others, too little. In other instances, it may disrupt the message from another gene. “You are really comparing apples and oranges when you do this,?said Bellen. The technique is also limited to small DNA chunks. “Koen set out to develop a new transgenesis system using the three techniques,?said B...

Genetic 'roadmap' charts links between drugs and human disease

...high-throughput chemical screen for molecules that disrupt hormone signals in prostate cancer cells and then used the Connectivity Map to help uncover its precise molecular action. As confirmed through additional work, gedunin disrupts a key quality control mechanism in the cell. Another key finding sugges...

A new kind of mutation could explain numerous phenotypic variations in various species

...e the discovery of a novel class of mutations that disrupt the function of a gene and thereby cause a specific phenotype. The mutation created the appearance of an "illegitimate" microRNA (miRNA) recognition site in a gene that did not have it in its normal form. In this study, the gene concerned is the myo...

Protein's role in regulating cell death sets direction for cancer research

...l death after cells were damaged by chemicals that disrupt the endoplasmic reticulum, which is a major synthetic structure in the cell that controls the synthesis and distribution of new proteins. In the second study, now published in JBC online, Dr. Greer and co-investigators Yinfei Tan, Chao Wu, and Ter...

Links between DNA damage and breast cancer studied

...terations to the molecular structure can change or disrupt gene expression. The team identified a unique o...tructural changes in DNA described may potentially disrupt normal reciprocal interactions between the cell types, thus increasing breast cancer risk." The find...

Meth promotes spread of virus in HIV-infected users

...verwhelm the T cells, the major target of HIV, and disrupt the immune response, promoting HIV infection. "Now that we have identified the target receptor, we can develop ways to block that receptor and decrease the viral spread," said Nair. "We have to approach this disease from as many different persp...

Pathway toward gene silencing described in plants

...ts that can move or spread throughout a genome and disrupt other gene functions if left unchecked. There is also interest in DNA methylation because understanding how some genes are selectively silenced and how silenced alleles can be turned on again may someday have practical benefits. For instance, tumor ...

Computational model simulates AZT metabolism in mitochondria

...l matrix, the inner core of the mitochondrion, and disrupt the replication of mitochondrial DNA by prematurely terminating DNA synthesis. Samuels added: "We're just starting our work. It is too early to say what the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity of AZT is. The inhibition of deoxynucleoside metabolism...

Gene discovery may shed light on kidney disease

...ed organs. Mutations in those genes are thought to disrupt normal development, by, for instance, causing the defective bile ducts found in the livers of many patients with Alagille syndrome. "Ligands and receptors are like keys and locks," said Dr. Spinner. "If either one is defective, it may interfere wit...

Johns Hopkins lab scientists tame overactive CF protein

...." "The goal is to develop small molecules that disrupt the binding between the VC protein and CFTR, much like tiny guided missiles that take out portions of this rampant VC protein before it latches onto CFTR," Zeitlin says. ...

Molecular force field helps cancer cells defend against attack

...erapeutics," Cance said. "We've shown that if you disrupt this interaction - if you block the binding of the...of the Achilles' heels for tumor cells and you can disrupt it in a number of different ways. For example, we might be able to design drugs that mimic this area...

New Research Shows Artificial Light at Night Stimulates Breast Cancer Growth in Laboratory Mice

...ting with a wavelength and intensity that does not disrupt melatonin levels and internal timekeeping.?/p> “Day workers who spend their time indoors would benefit from lighting that better mimics sunlight,?added Stevens. “Companies that employ shift workers could introduce lighting that allows the workers...

Pennsylvania researchers find liver transplants provide metabolic cure for rare genetic disease

...om something as simple as a common cold, which can disrupt the body's metabolism and cause rapid neurological deterioration. In 1997, an MSUD patient at another hospital received a liver transplant due to an unrelated medical condition and physicians noticed the symptoms of her MSUD were alleviated. Based ...

Yale researchers find environmental toxins disruptive to hearing in mammals

... a chemical used to keep barnacles off boats might disrupt the balance of these ions in ear cells. "Our data are the first to directly show that chloride ions are crucial for our exquisite sense of hearing," said Joseph Santos-Sacchi, professor in the Departments of Surgery and Neurobiology and first author...

MIT research holds promise for Huntington's treatment

...arning functions, and the cortex. The proteins may disrupt the function of cellular structures known as proteasomes, which perform a "trash can" function for the cell -- disposing of cellular proteins that are misfolded or no longer needed, said Bodner. Without a functional proteasome, those cellular protei...

Component in soy products causes reproductive problems in laboratory mice

Genistein, a major component of soy, was found to disrupt the development of the ovaries in newborn female mice that were given the product. This study adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating the potentially adverse consequences of genistein on the reproductive system. "Although we are not entir...

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