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Tag: "disorders" at biology news

Tears reveal some of their deepest secrets to researchers

...ntists better understand the causes of eye-related disorders such as dry eye disease, which affects anywhere from 12 to 14 million Americans, said Kelly Nichols, the study's lead author and an assistant professor of optometry at Ohio State University. "The lack of certain compounds in the tear film may resu...

Lead-'scrubbing' drug may also improve muscle function in lead-exposed children

...th decreased intellectual capabilities and balance disorders among infants, children and teens....

Moonlighting enzyme linked to neurodegenerative disease

...ations in DLD have been linked to severe metabolic disorders in humans, but it wasn't known that DLD was a moonlighting enzyme with two jobs: regulating metabolism and breaking down proteins. The PNAS study describes how Mayo investigators identified DLD's role in reducing the amount of frataxin that is pro...

Army research mission focused on autism

..."We need to determine what is causing the sleeping disorders and the GI (gastrointestinal) symptoms that presen...rove the lives of individuals with autism spectrum disorders now." To direct research toward this vision, the Integration Panel’s mission is to "promote innovati...

Killing the messenger RNA -- But which one?

...suggest that a number of other as-yet unidentified disorders may also have their roots in this newly identified microRNA editing process. ...

Anti-dandruff compound may help fight epilepsy

...ure Chemical Biology. Epilepsy and other seizure disorders result when nerves excessively or inappropriately “fire?in the brain. The brain’s “off?switches fail in part due to protein defects that prevent potassium from exiting nerve cells and calming them. “Channels that carry potassium,?says Min Li, Ph.D., ...

The influence of the menstrual cycle on the female brain

...l coding of rewards. Its dysfunction can result in disorders such as addictions and is also implicated in various psychiatric and neurological pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenic disorders. Many studies on animals prove that the dopaminergic3 system is sensitive to gonadal steroid hormon...

Brain tissue reveals possible genetic trigger for schizophrenia

... malformed protein. But with other complex genetic disorders ?such as schizophrenia, many cancers, and diabetes ?we find not mutated proteins, but correctly formed proteins in incorrect amounts," said study lead author and UNC professor of psychiatry Dr. Diana Perkins. The research appears this week in the ...

Major link in brain-obesity puzzle found

...st in the brain completely corrected the metabolic disorders that the knockout mice had developed, but also improved the brain cells?ability to respond to leptin signals and produce further signals that regulate eating. What’s more, the mice that were treated to make extra SH2B1 didn’t become obese or lose...

Gene key to taste bud development identified

...ld lead to a better understanding of developmental disorders of the gut caused by mutations in the human SOX2 gene, Hogan said. For example, babies with such mutations can develop a tracheoesophageal fistula, a condition in which there is an abnormal connection between the windpipe and throat that requires sur...

Dopamine used to prompt nerve tissue to regrow

... polymer into patients suffering from neurological disorders to help repair damaged nerves. The findings were published online the week of Oct. 30 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). "We showed that you could use a neurotransmitter as a building block of a polymer," said Wang. "On...

Growth factor stimulates rapid extension of key motor neurons in brain

...t lead to the future ability to treat motor neuron disorders and spinal cord injuries." Although their cell bodies are located in the brain, CSMN axons extend down to the neurons they control in the spinal cord ?extending as far as three feet in adult humans. These neurons degenerate in ALS and related di...

Harvard scientists identify compounds that stimulate stem cell growth in the brain

...erapeutic approaches for a wide range neurological disorders and injuries that were once considered incurable," said Gerald Weissmann, MD, Editor-in-Chief of The FASEB Journal. The study also provided so insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved when LTB4 stimulates neuronal stem cells. Acc...

Tearing down the fungal cell wall

... also clinically associated with human respiratory disorders such as allergy, asthma, and chronic sinusitis. Spores, which are often termed conidia in some fungi, are an essential part of the developmental cycle of A. brassicicola and arise from the branching filaments or hyphae that make up the fungus. In th...

Older fathers more likely to have autistic children

...ificantly increased risk of having autism spectrum disorders compared with those whose fathers are younger than...board at age 17, during which time any psychiatric disorders were recorded. Dr. Reichenberg and colleagues obtained draft board information and the age of the f...

Comprehensive model is first to map protein folding at atomic level

...s has broad implications for the growing number of disorders believed to result from misfolded proteins or parts of proteins, most notably neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The model developed by Shakhnovich and colleagues f...

Anticipation plays a powerful role in human memory, brain study finds

...mory so that we can better inform the treatment of disorders that have a large memory component, like PTSD," says lead author Kristen Mackiewicz, a graduate student at the University of Colorado who worked on the anticipation study while a student at UW-Madison. The project also builds on a relatively new b...

Tiny Tampa Bay fish key to evolution of immune system

...d better immune-boosting drugs to fight cancer and disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, say scientists at the University of Florida and the University of South Florida, who reported their findings recently in Nature Immunology. "At a basic level, this sea worm tells us about the evolution of the immune res...

A silent pandemic: Industrial chemicals are impairing the brain development of children worldwide

...eveloping brain and can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)--autism, attention deficit disorder (ADHD), and mental retardation. Still, there has been insufficient research done to identify the individual chemicals that can cause injury to the developing brains of children. In a new review study, publ...

Origin of inherited pain disorder pinpointed

...that they said emphasizes the role of such channel disorders in inflammatory pain. Such findings of abnormal function in disease also provide insights into the normal function of such channels, they said. R. Mark Gardiner, of University College London, and his colleagues published their findings in the Decemb...

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