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Tag: "disorder" at biology news

High dopamine transporter levels not correlated with ADHD

...gnostic marker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not positively correlated with the dise...ADHD is the most frequently recognized psychiatric disorder in children, with some 3 million children younger than 18 currently receiving treatment in the U.S. ...

Tests for 'face-blindness' reveal disorder may not be so rare

...ription of symptoms. The neurological basis of the disorder remains poorly understood, although research has confirmed that the brain processes faces differently than other kinds of objects. The condition can be embarrassing and lead to social isolation: Severe prosopagnosics may mistake complete strangers ...

Test reveals effectiveness of potential Huntington's disease drugs

... than 250,000 people in the United States have the disorder or are at risk for it. There is no cure, but several drugs are used or are being tested to relieve symptoms or slow Huntington's progression. The disease affects a part of the brain called the striatum, which is involved in the control of movement...

Gene linked to rare disease activates fat breakdown

..., Zechner said. The symptoms characteristic of the disorder coupled with the structure of the enzyme encoded by CGI-58 led researchers to suspect that the enzyme itself acted as a lipase. However, studies failed to confirm its lipid-busting activity and its role remained mysterious. Triglycerides consist of ...

New understanding of parasite cell structures may provide treatments for serious tropical diseases

...eurological Disorders and Stroke, symptoms of this disorder at birth "may include lack of muscle tone and an inability to move. Other symptoms may include unusual facial characteristics, mental retardation, seizures and an inability to suck and/or swallow. Jaundice and gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur...

Dopamine drug leads to new neurons and recovery of function in rat model of Parkinson's

...rkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes tremors, stiffness, slow movements, and impaired balance and coordination, results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in part of the brain called the substantia nigra. While many drugs are available to treat these symptoms durin...

Variations in detoxifying genes linked to Lou Gehrig's disease

...of Medicine. ALS is a complex neurodegenerative disorder of the motor neurons that results in muscle weakness, difficulty speaking, swallowing and breathing and eventual total paralysis and death generally within five years. In 1993 Siddique and collaborators determined that mutations in a gene known as...

Brain's 'gambling circuitry' identified

...l as a variety of mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are partially characterized by risk taking. To date, it is unknown whether such pathological decision making under risk is due to misperception of risk or disruptions in cognitive processes, such as learning, planning, and choice. ...

Speeding the search for elusive chromosomal errors

...somal rearrangements in bipolar disease, a complex disorder thought to involve interactions among multiple genes. Dr. Shaikh is currently collaborating with other researchers at Children's Hospital to evaluate other, higher-density gene chips (holding more than 500,000 oligonucleotides), which provide greate...

Scientists take 'snapshots' of enzyme action

...sed by bacteria living in the gut. People with the disorder release trimethylamine through breath, sweat, and urine, producing a fish-like odor that can be embarrassing and result in psychological effects such as withdrawal and depression. People with defective FMOs might also suffer additional side effects ...

Hopkins scientists show hallucinogen in mushrooms creates universal 'mystical' experience

...ged-with no family history of psychosis or bipolar disorder were selected. All had active spiritual practices. "We thought a familiarity with spiritual practice would give them a framework for interpreting their experiences and that they'd be less likely to be confused or troubled by them," Griffiths says. Al...

Non-coding RNAs help silence the mammalian transcription

...tion of chromosome 15. Imprinting determines which disorder arises: When the deletion involves the chromosome 15 that came from the father, the child has Prader-Willi syndrome, but when the deletion involves the chromosome 15 that came from the mother, the child has Angelman syndrome. In the mouse, a cluster...

Natural pine bark extract relieves muscle cramp and pain in athletes and diabetics

...d 47 participants with diabetic microangiopathy (a disorder of the smallest veins commonly associated with diabetes), or intermittent claudication (a blood vessel disease that causes the legs to easily cramp).This study also used a two-week pre-trial observation period followed by a week of supplementing with...

Failure of 'scout cells' may lead to cancer in transplant patients

...cancer, called post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), arises only in some transplant patients, but doctors don't know why. This study, led by Ohio State University scientists, begins to answer that question. The findings are published in the August issue of the American Journal of Transpla...

Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent

...ase. People who suffer Alzheimer's, a degenerative disorder that affects various brain regions including the septum, have a higher risk of epileptic seizures, in the 10-22 percent range, he noted. Previous studies have suggested that the septum plays an antiepileptic role. But in this study, Colom et al. sho...

Autistic brain has fewer neurons for processing emotion

...urther." Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits. It affects as many as 1 in every 166 children, primarily males. ...

How IVF could be causing genetic errors in embryos

...ere mental retardation, speech impairment, balance disorder and a happy, excitable demeanour; it occurs in abo... associated with Silver-Russell syndrome, a growth disorder occurring in 1 in 75,000 births (involves intrauterine growth restriction and subsequent poor growth...

The molecular mechanism of a diabetes vaccine revealed

... clinical trials. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own insulin-producing pancreatic cells, reducing and ultimately eliminating the production of insulin ?a hormone needed to convert sugar, starches, and other foods into energy. Several years a...

Matrilin-3 gene discovered to prevent onset of osteoarthritis

...ers such as multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), a disorder that begins in childhood and can include malformation of the hands, feet and knees and abnormal curvature of the spine. In this study, researchers knocked out matrilin-1 and -3 in mice in order to study their link to osteoarthritis. When matrilin-1...

Study reveals how ADHD drugs work in brain

... quell symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), scientists have struggled to pinpoint how ...st know what the existing drugs do." A behavioral disorder that afflicts both children and adults, ADHD is marked by hyperactivity, impulsivity and an inabilit...

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