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Tag: "details" at biology news

Marine mammals are on the frontline of failing ocean health

...udy the ecological, biochemical, and physiological details of this contaminant build-up in mammal tissues. One piece of their work focuses on how health risks change with different diets. Levels of organohalogens and mercury are higher in animals like polar bears and seals that have fish and marine mammal-...

Mice studies illustrate potential of chimp/human antibodies to protect against smallpox

...tory. The study appearing online this week in PNAS details how senior authors Robert H. Purcell, M.D., co-chief of NIAID's Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, and Bernard Moss, M.D., chief of NIAID's Laboratory of Viral Diseases, and their collaborators developed hybrid antibodies from chimpanzees and humans ...

MIT: Oceans are a major gene swap-meet for plankton

...n Earth," she added. "And if we can understand the details of this phenomenon in Prochlorococcus, the simplest free-living organism, it should be very helpful toward understanding the diversity in all of life." ...

Defective immune system response to smallpox vaccine detailed in new study

...ished in this month's issue of Immunity, the study details how the overproduction in skin cells of inflammation-promoting molecules called interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 (IL-4 and IL-13) hampers LL-37 activity in people with atopic dermatitis. LL-37, a small protein produced in skin cells, is part of the b...

International HIV/AIDS trial finds continuous antiretroviral therapy superior to episodic therapy

...eir CD4+ cells were above 350 cells/mm3. (For more details see http://www.smart-trial.org ). The trial involved an international collaboration of 318 clinical sites in 33 countries. It began enrollment in January 2002 and had successfully recruited more than 90 percent of its target of 6,000 participants: ...

Butterflies lose body fat during metamorphosis

... great loss in body fat during metamorphosis. The details of their findings appear in the March issue of the Journal of Lipid Research, an American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal. "The transformation of a caterpillar to a butterfly is one on nature's great mysteries," says William E...

Brain differences could explain why males and females experience pain relief differently

... of the study by Murphy and Loyd provide important details about how morphine might be used differently in females and males to achieve maximum pain relief. Pain is one of the most common reasons that people consult physicians. Thus, the management of pain has become one of the highest priorities in healt...

Deep-rooted plants have much greater impact on climate than experts thought

...anagement. The researchers incorporated these new details into the most widely accepted model of global climate, and found that it accounts for a previously observed but unexplained dip in Amazonian temperature during the dry season. "Evapotranspiration stays higher than previously expected during the prol...

Biologists visualize protein interaction that may initiate viral infection

...microscope. The method enables scientists to study details as small as 8 angstroms, or .8 nanometers, resolution high enough to see groups of atoms. An angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter, or roughly a millionth as wide as a human hair. Zhang discovered that the CRD attaches to a structure on the virus...

Exotic crab poised for widespread UK invasion

... of the North Sea and Channel coasts. The study details how the UK colonisation of mitten crabs has increased on a large scale in recent years. From 1997-1999 the spread along the coast was 448km per year - nearly six times the average spread of 78km per year from 1976-1999. In rivers, the increased sp...

Uncovering sex-change secrets of black sea bass

...viorally and biochemically." Though he still has details to sort out, Berlinsky believes he has already made important steps. "We have already made progress, determining optimal sex ratios and delaying sex reversal by controlling density," he notes. "We've already made strides toward making black sea bass ...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

...of our future studies. "We need to figure out the details of how it regulates root growth and the length and amount of root hair. This may have implications in terms of nutrient absorption or total plant biomass." The answers eventually could lead to increased crop yield and decreased produce loss due to B...

New fruit fly protein illuminates circadian response to light

...ght, Sehgal and colleagues looked to the molecular details of the clock cells in the jetlag flies. When a fruit fly is exposed to light, a photoreceptor called cryptochrome (CRY) transduces the light signal and kicks off a series of reactions within the clock cells of the brain. Under normal conditions, CR...

New MRI technique shows emphysema in asymptomatic smokers

...y, supported by the National Institutes of Health, details a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that appears to be much more sensitive to lung changes than even the current modality of choice, computed tomography (CT). "With this technology, we have shown that it is possible to measure the sever...

DOE JGI releases IMG 1.5 with curated archaeal genomes

... product name for a gene directly through the gene details page and to propagate this annotation to selected ...bilities as gene profiles across genomes. For more details on the user interface, see What's New ( http://img.jgi.doe.gov/pub/doc/releaseNotes.html ). ...

Research reveals control of potent immune regulator

...IFNg production. "Our findings provide important details about the fine balance between positive and negative regulators of IFNg production in NK cells," says principal investigator Michael A. Caligiuri, director of the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center. "Mother Nature uses a symphony of cytokines that resul...

Ever-happy mice may hold key to new treatment of depression

...ere able create a depression-resistant strain. The details of this research, which involved an international collaboration with scientists from the University of Nice, France, are published in Nature Neuroscience this week. "Depression is a devastating illness, which affects around 10% of people at some po...

UT Southwestern researchers find gene mutation that leads to 'broken hearts'

...y with a glowing heart enables us to visualize the details of heart development with high resolution in living animals and to detect cardiac defects that have never been described before", said Dr. Zhe Han, research instructor and co-first / co-senior author of this study. ...

On the track of tiny larvae, a new model elucidates connections in marine ecology

... scientists predict animal dispersion patterns and details of the ecology of coral reefs across the Caribbean Sea. The work is reported by Heather M. Galindo and Stephen R. Palumbi of Stanford University, and Donald B. Olson of the University of Miami, and appears in the August 22nd issue of Current Biology,...

Molecular DNA switch found to be the same for all life

...tiating DNA replication in bacteria, the molecular details of its myriad activities have until now been a mystery. Berger's team found that when the DnaA protein binds with adenosine triphosphate or ATP, the nucleotide molecule that supplies energy to all components of a cell, the ring-shaped AAA+ proteins ...

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