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Tag: "design" at biology news

To Stop Evolution: New Way Of Fighting Antibiotic Resistance Demonstrated By Scripps Scientists

...tal and into the general population. If one could design drugs to halt the enzymes that make mutations in bacteria, this could be a way of combating the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The Dramatic Effect of LexA Inhibition Halting evolution is exactly what Romesberg and his colleagues demonstrated i...

Prescription Drug Patches Gaining Ground, Tackling New Therapies

... growth. Advances in synthetic materials and patch design have led to patches that are more esthetically acceptable and that are capable of delivering sustained dosing of active compounds for several days in a smaller package. “The number of drug therapies being developed in patch form is expanding,?explain...

Ancient immune defense mechanism is no match for HIV-1

...ess in the virus may have application for rational design of future anti-HIV-1 therapies. The study is published in the May issue of Immunity. RNA silencing is a type of natural immune defense in which sequence-specific RNA degradation follows the recognition of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The dsRNA is pr...

Insects, viruses could hold key for better human teamwork in disasters

...nd contractors who were involved with the original design and construction of the critical physical infrastr...in Manhattan. A week later, the World Trade Center design firm provided updated maps with accurate subsurface locations. Contractor said that one of the chall...

Innovative coating could give medical implants a longer life

...ating's advantage. They proceeded to intelligently design a new polymer made up of two parts, both playing a key role: a short peptide that is the synthetic version of the sticky dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) molecule that gives mussels their adhesive or anchoring strength and a longer peptoid polymer resem...

Second messenger NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle

One traditional approach to pharmaceutical design uses so-called "first messengers" ?hormones, other natural facilitators or synthetic products ?to initiate various cellular cascades for the desired physiological effect. To date, despite concerted efforts at all levels of research, this approach has...

Computational Tool Predicts How Drugs Work In Cells, Advancing Efforts To Design Better Medicines

...al processes. Using this tool, drug developers can design compounds that will act on only desired gene and protein targets, eliciting therapeutic responses free of unwanted side effects. The research, which appears in the March 4 issue of Nature Biotechnology, reports on collaborative work by a team of bio...

High fidelity keeps human DNA assembly line humming

...e found in bacteria, yeast, plants and humans. The design has endured because of this fidelity mechanism for RNA synthesis. "This is a tried and true design and our study explains why this is an enduring design." The paper, "Dynamic Error Correction and Re...

Tamoxifen-like drug suggests new ways to selectively block estrogen

...ll as treating, breast cancer and suggests ways to design new drugs with even more specific effects. In the...Chicago. "This type of information should help us design drugs that produce even more specific outcomes. In particular, we could design new small molecules t...

U of T researchers map role of Epstein-Barr virus in cancer

...f detail is achieved, she says scientists can then design specific mutations in these proteins to see what happens to cells when the proteins don't interact with one another. A better understanding of these molecular mechanisms will hopefully lead scientists and researchers to developing better methods of c...

Malaria mechanism revealed

...ered valuable clues for rational antimalarial drug design and vaccine development. The findings are reported...arasite protein works. This enables researchers to design very specific wrenches to throw into the works. The EBA-175 protein and others related to it appear ...

Random gene expression may drive HIV into hiding

..., issue of the journal Cell, could help scientists design new and more effective treatments to slow or halt the progression of HIV infection. HIV normally replicates rapidly in the body's white blood cells, but, in some cells, the virus stops replicating and becomes dormant. Researchers have long puzzled o...

MIT engineers an anti-cancer smart bomb

...than lung cancer, indicating the need to tweak the design for different cancers. "This model enables us to rationally and systematically evaluate drug combinations and loading mechanisms," says Sasisekharan. "It's not going to stop here. We want to build on this concept." ...

UI researcher studies deafness in fruit flies, humans

... same molecule is used, scientists will be able to design experiments to test specific mechanisms that have been hypothesized. Eberl says, "These experiments are next to impossible in humans, but quite feasible in the fruit fly." "Understanding how this protein works and examining its functional role in he...

Mechanism for the captation of nutrients in plants- unknown to date

...se journal, Plant Cell Physiology, will enable the design of experiments aimed at enhancing vegetable specie...his mechanism provides great tips for the rational design of experiments aimed at enhancing vegetable species in the interest of humanity. One of the great q...

Specialized immune-system B cells play double-barreled role

... new study yielded could be important for rational design of vaccines. "Most vaccines are designed simply empirically," he said. "The designers develop a formulation that's a best guess and test it on patients or animal models to determine its effectiveness. But now, research is reaching a point where we c...

Researchers find first evidence of venom system in extinct mammal

...m exposure and splitting but rather is the natural design of the tooth. "The groove in these teeth would have acted as a gutter, conducting fluid from its source in glandular tissues in the upper jaw down the height of the crown to its tip," Fox explained. "When I first saw [the groove] I thought maybe it ...

When it comes to cell entry, being average has its advantages

...how viruses get into cells, you know how to better design drugs to keep them out," said L.B. Freund, professor of engineering at Brown. "Or if you do want molecules to get in ?those in medication, say ?knowing an optimal particle size for entry is also helpful. "With nanotubes, we may be able to manufactur...

Scientists take aim at virulent bacteria by decoding machinery of key control enzyme

... Cheng. "Using this information we can potentially design a drug to inhibit this particular enzyme's chemical reaction or its DNA binding process. This kind of rationally designed drug could be an alternative against infections that are resistant to current antibiotics. And because humans don't have Dam met...

Enlisting genomics to understand flu evolution

...trains will attack during upcoming flu seasons and design more effective flu vaccines. In the first large-scale effort to sequence the flu genome, Edward Holmes, David Lipman, and colleagues examined the genomes of 156 influenza A viruses (serotype H3N2) collected by New York State public health officials ...

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