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Tag: "defined" at biology news

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...cases, as many as five or all six. The researchers defined this limited set as the "miRNA signature" in solid tumors. Croce says finding such a signature is important because it shows that many forms of cancer share common genetic pathways that become scrambled as cancer takes hold and spreads. He says nar...

Creation of antibiotic in test tube holds promise for better antibiotics

... makes 10 new chemical bonds in a stereochemically defined fashion. Specifically, they showed that NisC is responsible for the formation of five characteristic thioether rings required for nisin's biological activity. "Despite all the progress in synthetic chemistry, we cannot come close to making a compoun...

Lack of basic research putting patients at risk

... these is the tendency for clinical research to be defined too narrowly, with observational research necessary for effective clinical practice continuing to be neglected, he concludes. ...

Cracking the genetic code for control of gene expression

...h group, led by professor Jussi Taipale, Ph.D, has defined the binding specificities of several transcription factors. Transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins which are required to activate gene expression. In collaboration biologists and computer scientists designed a software called EEL (enhancer el...

Basic research leads to a novel cancer therapy

...s multiple effects on tumour cells and can thus be defined as a novel "multi-targeted" drug. Sunitinib is being tested now, as well, on patients with advanced forms of bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck tumours, liver cancer, lung cancer, melanoma,...

Formation of cellulose fibers tracked for the first time

...found that cellulose synthase moves along "tracks" defined by the microtubules. When the microtubule tracks were disrupted with specific drugs, the cellulose synthase molecules kept moving, but they followed different, less directed patterns. "Many scientists had suspected a relationship between cellulose s...

The evolution of food plants: Genetic control of grass flower architecture

...he shoot apical meristem after the production of a defined number of leaves, whereas ears form at the tips of compact axillary branches. Normal maize ears are unbranched, and tassels have long branches only at their base. Many different genes control the architecture as well as the nutrient content in cere...

New DNA 'fingerprinting' technique separates hemp from marijuana

... DNA and generates numerous fragments of DNA, each defined by particular "marker" DNA sequences that act like bookends. The lengths of the fragments within the bookends were found to vary according to the cultivar. Thus, the pattern of fragment lengths adds up to a composite picture of each cultivar. "With ...

Male rivalry increases when females at most fertile, say researchers

...f dominance for each image. A dominant person was defined as someone who looked like they could 'get what they wanted'. Participants were asked to provide information on whether or not their female partner used oral contraception and the date of her current or previous menses. Male participants whose pa...

Researchers create pigs that produce heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids

...recancerous tissues. "Although researchers first defined cancer in evolutionary terms in the 1970s, few researchers have actually studied the disease this way," says Maley, lead author on the study and an assistant professor in the molecular and cellular oncogenesis program at Wistar. "We wanted to know: I...

Evolutionary biology research techniques predict cancer

...recancerous tissues. "Although researchers first defined cancer in evolutionary terms in the 1970s, few researchers have actually studied the disease this way," says Maley, lead author on the study and an assistant professor in the molecular and cellular oncogenesis program at Wistar. "We wanted to know: I...

Carnegie Mellon develops non-invasive technique to detect transplant rejection at cellular level

...The locations of the tagged macrophages are highly defined and appear circular in shape, said Wu. This finding indicates that the new, real-time tracking method is very good at pinpointing exactly when and where rejection is taking place. The researchers used a heterotropic heart model to study organ reject...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...age die annually because of serious birth defects, defined as any serious abnormality of structure or function. An estimated 3.2 million of those who survive may be mentally and physically disabled for life. Birth defects are a global problem, but their impact is particularly severe in middle- and low-in...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...cases, as many as five or all six. The researchers defined this limited set as the "miRNA signature" in solid tumors. Croce says finding such a signature is important because it shows that many forms of cancer share common genetic pathways that become scrambled as cancer takes hold and spreads. He says nar...

Watch your step when the going gets rough

...e they need to accurately place their feet on well defined targets. Getting it right may avoid your slipping or twisting an ankle. "This visual guidance mechanism could also help gymnasts on the beam, or acrobat walkers on a tightrope, as in these situations accurate foot placement becomes crucial," says Rey...

Gene expression profile helps predict chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients

...experience a complete response to chemotherapy, as defined by the absence of disease at the time of second-look surgery. The CRP also confirmed the importance of genes such as BAX in this process, which regulate the cell's response to chemotherapy agents such as paclitaxel. The authors then went on to comp...

New research examines genetics of successful aging

...ive longevity. "While successful aging has been defined in many ways, we focused on individuals who had reached at least 90 without significant decline in mental capacity," said lead researcher George S. Zubenko, MD, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Biological Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh Scho...

Sleeping sickness parasite shows how cells divide their insides

...lved in the duplication of the Golgi apparatus and defined by a highly-conserved protein, Centrin2. This structure has two lobes -- one at the old Golgi, the other where the new Golgi forms. Once a new Golgi has grown, the Centrin structure itself duplicates so that two complete structures, and associated Go...

Genes involved in biofilms

...rose during the development of a medium chemically defined in order to study how environmental signals affect the process of formation of the biofilm. Unexpectedly, most of the clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus were unable to form biofilm in the synthetic medium, which suggested to us that the proc...

Microarray technology for tailoring breast cancer therapy

...es shown by 38 patients who had a poor prognosis - defined as relapse or death from any cause within 5 years. The remaining 121 patients were defined as the 'good prognosis' group. The researchers also used gene expression profiling to separate patie...

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