defined 2 3

Tag: "defined" at biology news

Free radical cell death switch identified

...hD, HMS associate professor of pathology, have now defined how a molecular chain-of-events links oxidative-stress signals to cell death in brain neurons. In the course of investigating the mechanisms of cell death in neurons from rat brain, the team focused their attention on the function of a protein calle...

Researchers find protein that silences genes

...have imaged it, characterized it biochemically and defined its role in two cellular activities that help bring about gene silencing. According to Pikaard, genes can be turned off when acetyl groups ?little two-carbon entities ?are removed from histones, the proteins that wrap the DNA, and when met...

Proteins as parents

...ly tear-proof spider dragline silk. Molecules with defined mechanical properties are especially needed for the assembly of nanotechnological devices. A team from the University of British Columbia (Vancouver, Canada) succeeded in producing proteins with new mechanical properties through the combination of tw...

Hopkins scientists show hallucinogen in mushrooms creates universal 'mystical' experience

..." But, as important, he says, "is that, under very defined conditions, with careful preparation, you can safely and fairly reliably occasion what's called a primary mystical experience that may lead to positive changes in a person. It's an early step in what we hope will be a large body of scientific work th...

Prozac's target revealed

...in the brains of adult mice, the researchers first defined discrete steps in the complex process, called neurogenesis, that converts unspecialized stem cells into mature, specialized neurons. Next, knowing that Prozac treatment somehow increases the number of neurons in the brain, the researchers tested whi...

Think fast! Rice undergrad unlocks nerve speed secret

... Structural and Molecular Biology ?scientists have defined the function of a key protein that nerve cells use to pass information quickly. Like all cells in our bodies, nerve cells are encased in a membrane, a thin layer of fatty tissue that walls off the outside world from the cell's interior. And like ot...

New research examines genetics of successful aging

... cognitive longevity. "Successful aging has been defined in many ways, however, we focused on individuals who had reached at least 90 without significant decline in mental capacity," said lead researcher George S. Zubenko, M.D., Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and biological sciences at the University of Pi...

Encoded metallic nanowires reveal bioweapons

...When deposited gold and silver are alternated in a defined way, nanowires with different characteristic stripe patterns are produced. The pattern of optical reflections from each sequence of stripes can later be unambiguously recognized--just like a barcode. Antibodies aimed at specific pathogens can be att...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

... fibroblast cultures by the addition of only a few defined factors," Yamanaka said. Fibroblasts make up structural fibers found in connective tissue. Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cells of the mammalian blastocyst, a ball of cells that develops after fertilization and goes on to form a devel...

Molecular DNA switch found to be the same for all life

...sms have been conserved by evolution have been ill defined and hotly debated," said biophysicist Eva Nogales,...yotes, meaning their DNA is not contained within a defined nucleus. Eukaryotes consist of plants and animals and all other organisms whose DNA is contained wit...

Five surprising facts about starvation that could change the international agenda

... that represents severe malnutrition. Wasting is defined by a low weight-to-height ratio; it is visible in the form of skeletally thin children usually found in the middle of a famine. The authors note that a public health disaster is generally declared if more than 15% of the children in a country suffer ...

Despite acidity, orange juice could still be a source of foodborne disease

... without storage time and temperature controls are defined by the U.S. Food Code as non-potentially hazardous foods. But this designation also includes foods that do not support growth but still may contain pathogenic organisms at sufficient levels to cause disease. "For many years individuals in the publi...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

... fibroblast cultures by the addition of only a few defined factors," Yamanaka said. Fibroblasts make up structural fibers found in connective tissue. Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cells of the mammalian blastocyst, a ball of cells that develops after fertilization and goes on to form a devel...

DNA: Bacteria's survival ration

...etence" to distinguish it from natural competence, defined as the ability of cells to assimilate waste DNA in order to mutate or repair their genomes. Natural competence is potentially risky, Finkel said, since bad mutations can result, "but there should be no genetic cost to eating [the DNA]." The study i...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

...cally engineered mice, by definition, develop more defined cancers than humans," he said. "Mice can therefore be used as a filter to help reduce that noise, and as a tool to determine, in areas of chromosomal alteration, what changes are functionally relevant." The difficulty stems from the fact that stud...

Traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes has scientific backing

... still have to be evaluated properly following the defined clinical trials process", said Professor James, head of the Garvan's Diabetes & Obesity Research Program and co-author of the Diabetes paper. The next step is to investigate how berberine activates the enzyme that mediates these 'insulin-sensit...

Marrow-derived stem cells deliver new cytokine to kill brain tumor cells, offer protection

...s. Gliomas are highly invasive tumors with poorly defined borders that intermingle with healthy brain tissue, making complete surgical removal nearly impossible. Furthermore, cells separate from the main tumor and migrate to form satellites that escape treatment and often lead to recurrence. Researchers at...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

...non-organ-confined disease. Cancer recurrence was defined in this study as a rise in prostate specific antig... found they could develop a methylation score that defined a good prognosis (with 94 percent PSA-free survival 10 years after surgery) and a poor prognosis gro...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

...non-organ-confined disease. Cancer recurrence was defined in this study as a rise in prostate specific antig... found they could develop a methylation score that defined a good prognosis (with 94 percent PSA-free survival 10 years after surgery) and a poor prognosis gro...

Wisconsin scientists grow two new stem cell lines in animal cell-free culture

...y of Wisconsin-Madison, have developed a precisely defined stem cell culture system free of animal cells and ...ible for us to derive new cell lines in completely defined conditions in medium that completely lacks animal products." Other groups, Thomson notes, have cult...

1 2 3 4 5 6