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Tag: "define" at biology news

Researchers discover new form of cancer gene regulation

...signals for further differentiation, proteins that define cellular function and "programmed" movement of cells into developing structures. These processes, known as pattern formation, are controlled largely by networks of genes and proteins called signal transduction pathways that receive signals from out...

Federal grant funds research on novel HIV therapy

...., both of Children's Hospital, this core seeks to define linkages among the basic science experiments, the animal model experiments to establish pharmacology responses and the human trials designed to assess safety and activity. The basic science projects of this four-year grant are already providing dat...

Shorter colds, milder flu may follow from newly revealed immune mechanism

...survival message," Holtzman says. "Now, we aim to define more specific signaling proteins that allow the cell to live or die in the face of infection. Identifying these signals may allow us to regulate these signals during an infection, and so make epithelial cells and macrophages more effective to shorten...

Scientists map one of biology's critical light-sensing structures

...t finding opened the way for the Wisconsin team to define the structure of a phytochrome, as bacteria are easy to grow in the lab and their proteins are easier to purify and manipulate than plant proteins. Once isolated, the phytochrome was crystallized and its molecular structure was mapped using a beam o...

Did feathered dinosaurs exist?

...vailable evidence they offer an interim attempt to define morphologically the most salient features of Aves: "Birds are mesotarsal bipedal archosaurs with pennaceous feathers, and a tridactyl avian hand composed of digits 2-3-4." It is too early to abandon debate on the origin of birds, the authors say. H...

Past illegal blood donation in China linked to hepatitis C virus infection

...snapshot of past events and should not be taken to define the present circumstances." Nevertheless, it illustrates that "short cuts, shoddy practice, pursuit of the bottom line, and lack of oversight can have devastating outcomes, not only for patients but also for donors." ...

A bug's life: Exceptional genomic stability yet rapid protein evolution in a carpenter ant mutualist

...c, evolutionary, and ecological forces interact to define an organism's role in the environment. Today, Dr. Jennifer Wernegreen's group from the Marine Biological Laboratory presents new data that support a fascinating model for genome evolution in bacteria that live inside insects. The scientists show tha...

Displaced songbirds navigate in the high Arctic

...w work, researchers investigated whether birds can define their longitude after physical displacements in the high Arctic, where the geomagnetic field lines are steep and the midnight sun makes star navigation impossible for much of the summer. White-crowned sparrows are nocturnally migrating birds that b...

Hepatitis C complicated by morphine withdrawal

... of future clinical and epidemiological studies to define the role of opiate abuse in promoting HCV disease. These results suggest that opioid abusers experiencing periods of drug abuse, followed by periods of withdrawal (due to lack of supplies) may lead to immunocompromised liver. These findings further...

Discarded placentas deliver researchers promising cells similar to embryonic stem cells

...lls have many of the telltale surface markers that define embryonic stem cells, and also express the Oct-4 and nanog genes that are known to be required for self-renewal and pluripotency ?the ability to develop into any type of cell. Yet the authors are careful to point out that despite their remarkable si...

Stem cells bring fast direct improvement, without differentiation, in acute renal failure

...by them." * Future studies "will also have to define the possible contribution to organ protection made by the immunomodulatory effects of MSC, as well as potential late phase contributions to organ repair via differentiation of stem cells into cells that have been destroyed in ARF," the study noted. ...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

...r. This comparison enabled the researchers to both define a brain circuit for social function in the healthy human brain, and identify the specific way in which it was affected by genetic changes in Williams Syndrome. People with Williams Syndrome who are missing about 21 genes on chromosome seven are high...

Disrupting Cocaine-memories To Battle Addiction

...n the outbreaks in four separate locations, and to define the scope of the outbreaks quickly. The sequencing allowed them to determine if cases reported in other states were related to the four original outbreaks and provided reassurance that a larger outbreak was not occurring. The molecular epidemiologic ...

Large-scale Computer Simulations Reveal New Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance

...n the outbreaks in four separate locations, and to define the scope of the outbreaks quickly. The sequencing allowed them to determine if cases reported in other states were related to the four original outbreaks and provided reassurance that a larger outbreak was not occurring. The molecular epidemiologic ...

Use of Antibiotics for Acne May Increase Risk of Common Illness

...n the outbreaks in four separate locations, and to define the scope of the outbreaks quickly. The sequencing allowed them to determine if cases reported in other states were related to the four original outbreaks and provided reassurance that a larger outbreak was not occurring. The molecular epidemiologic ...

New tools used to control foodborne hepatitis A outbreaks related to green onions

...n the outbreaks in four separate locations, and to define the scope of the outbreaks quickly. The sequencing allowed them to determine if cases reported in other states were related to the four original outbreaks and provided reassurance that a larger outbreak was not occurring. The molecular epidemiologic ...

Study: Predatory dinosaurs had bird-like pulmonary system

...trategy, falling somewhere between what scientists define as cold- and warm-blooded. It appears that these animals had the pulmonary machinery for enhanced gas exchange, O'Connor explained, which would have pushed them closer to being warm-blooded creatures. Previous research that pointed to a more crocodi...

Scientists focus on 'dwarf eye'

...ol of Public Health study in the 1970s that helped define the disease as genetic. In Sundin's study, the researchers examined the woman's DNA for possible gene mutations causing nanophthalmos. According to Sundin, MFRP was a surprise candidate. "Mutant MFRP was recently identified in mice as a cause of...

New Discovery May Help Doctors Treat Infertility

...reasons for their infertility, doctors can further define their treatment options, help them to minimize the expense and risk of taking drugs that may be less effective for them, and increase their chances of having a safe and healthy child,?he added. The NIEHS researchers treated normal female mice and fe...

OHSU research shows vitamin C counteracts some negative impacts of smoking on unborn babies

... While past research in the Spindel lab has helped define how nicotine causes these changes, many of the specific mechanisms for infant lung development problems remain unknown. However, previous research has clearly shown that infants born to smoking mothers often suffer from reduced lung air flow. To con...

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