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Tag: "defects" at biology news

Study fishes out new role for prostaglandins

...ors, EP2 and EP4. Blocking the EP4 receptor caused defects similar to those associated with blocking PGE2 synthesis. When the researchers analyzed cell movement, they found that the shapes and trajectories of embryonic cells were normal ?they simply moved much slower. This suggested that signaling through th...

Researchers identify genes in fruitflies that may shed light on human cancer spread

...ntell's group had generated mutant flies that show defects in border cell migration. This study identified five of the genes mutated in those flies and gives the researchers a starting point for more detailed analysis of how those genes are involved in cell migration. Wang has begun to study some of these ge...

UC San Diego biologists solve plant growth hormone enigma

... auxin off in specific tissues of the plant led to defects in those tissues, while the rest of the plant appeared normal. "Knowing which auxin genes are activated when should make it possible to modify plant development," said Zhao. "It wouldn't require adding any new genes to the plant, just changing when...

Johns Hopkins lab scientists tame overactive CF protein

...complex, called the proteasome. In people with CF, defects in genes for a protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) interrupt the transport chemistry. Until now, researchers had not identified the precise search-and-destroy proteins that ERAD deploys to seek out the mutant CFTR. "We were...

New MRI technique shows emphysema in asymptomatic smokers

...gation of lung disease, it failed to show the same defects detected with MRI. Moreover, with the combination of MRI and hyperpolarized helium, the researchers were able to measure lung structures with 2½ times more precision than with CT, and 10 times more precision than with conventional MRI methods. Age i...

One-third of adults with diabetes still don't know they have it

...ked by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. It is the most common cause of blindness, kidney failure, and amputations in adults and a major cause of heart disease and stroke. Over the years studied, about 26 percent of adults age 20 and older...

Study finds how organs monitor themselves during early development

... The scientists started by looking at larvae with defects that cause them to have too few germ cells. The animal could well mature with this defect and suffer from reduced fertility. But it does not. Instead, they found that the ovary has a way to sense its lack of germ cells and steps up production. "Withi...

UF scientists discover evolutionary origin of fins, limbs

... that many of these genes are responsible for limb defects in humans is intriguing," Cohn said. "What we've done is identify where those developmental pathways originated during our evolutionary past and how they became involved in limb development." Learning the mechanics of development enriches our under...

Unusual mechanism keeps repair protein accurate

..., or it can lead to cell death or to cancer, birth defects and other diseases. "There are six families of DNA polymerases," Suo says, "and this is the first polymerase to use this mechanism to maintain its accuracy when making new DNA. It is both surprising and unprecedented." The repair protein itself...

Key stress protein linked to toxicities responsible for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's

...tein's structure determines its function. Genetic defects as well as exposure to free radicals or possibly o...ypes of cellular stress can cause small structural defects that lead to protein misfolding. If the misfolded proteins cannot be refolded properly or degraded,...

Parkinson's disease mechanism discovered

...ghes Medical Institute researchers have pinpointed defects in a critical cellular pathway that can lead to the death of dopamine-producing nerve cells and ultimately Parkinson's symptoms. Their studies have also identified a new way to rescue dying neurons in several animal models of Parkinson's disease. Ac...

Computational model simulates AZT metabolism in mitochondria

...hich ones could actually lead to the mitochondrial defects found in AIDS patients." He added: "It is possible that no single mechanism is responsible for the toxicity, but that instead a combination of multiple effects is needed. That is the kind of problem that needs a systems biology approach." When AZ...

Montreal researchers identify defects of immune cells

...further indicated that a diminution and functional defects of both dendritic cells and CD4+ cells cause susce...ce. "These findings regarding the specific immune defects which trigger candidiasis are very promising," explains Dr. de Repentigny. "This new knowledge will ...

UT Southwestern researchers find gene mutation that leads to 'broken hearts'

...in congenital heart defects, the most common birth defects in humans afflicting about 1 percent of newborns. ...fly is a useful model to study the causes of heart defects in mammals, Dr. Olson said. The researchers found that mutations in genes encoding enzymes in a pa...

NHGRI announces latest sequencing targets

...wreak havoc on a cell, and can contribute to birth defects or cancer in humans. The gibbon genome will also help scientists better understand rearrangements called segmental duplications, which are large, almost identical copies of DNA present in at least two locations in the human genome. A number of disea...

Researchers identify human DNA on the fast track

...function of reelin is especially interesting since defects in reelin expression have been associated with schizophrenia and other mental disorders. "We still can't say much about the function [of the DNA containing HAR1]," said Haussler, "but it's a very exciting finding because it is expressed in cells that...

Study finds that a woman's chances of having twins can be modified by diet

...mplications such as premature delivery, congenital defects and pregnancy-induced hypertension in the mother than singleton pregnancies, the findings of this study suggest that women contemplating pregnancy might consider substituting meat and dairy products with other protein sources, especially in countries...

Researchers link two more genes to sudden infant death syndrome

...me (SIDS), increasing the possibility that genetic defects of the heart may cause up to 15 percent of SIDS ca...ith our previous discoveries, we now estimate that defects in genes that provide the blueprints for the critical controllers of the heart's electrical system m...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

... why Purkinje cells are particularly vulnerable to defects in protein synthesis. They are also exploring how the actions of other genes in the cell can alleviate the pathology caused by protein misfolding. ...

Researchers find cause of frontotemporal dementia

... carrier of the tau protein's hereditary code, and defects in this protein cause tau-positive FTD. However, t... analyses of the DNA from FTDU families identifies defects that cause a shortage of progranulin. Progranulin is known in cancer research, where a surplus of th...

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