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Tag: "defects" at biology news

Neurons find their place in the developing nervous system with the help of a sticky molecule

...lecules has been previously linked to neurological defects in humans. A cell adhesion molecule known as L1 ha...individuals with these mutations often show severe defects in neuronal positioning and connectivity, which are clinically manifested in conditions such as hydr...

Ultrasounds show mothers' drinking shrinks fetal brain

... pregnancy is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder -- which includes a range of cognitive, emotional and behavioral problems -- may be present in as many a...

Rice bioengineers pioneer techniques for knee repair

...ate-of-the-art clinical option for repairing small defects in articular knee cartilage. His lab is also working on techniques to grow replacement knee menisci, the kidney shaped wedges of cartilage that sit between the femur and tibia and absorb the compressive shock that the bones undergo during walking an...

New research demonstrates bone-marrow derived stem cells can reverse genetic kidney disease

...ay be useful in repairing basement membrane matrix defects and restoring organ function. Led by researchers...of 31 human diseases that occur because of genetic defects in the body's extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins, " explains the study's senior aut...

Mayo Clinic collaboration discovers protein amplifies DNA injury signals

...ms of growth retardation, male infertility, immune defects and chromosome instability. The Next Step Now that they understand MDC1's role in amplifying distress calls from injured DNA to cue the repair process, the Mayo researchers are investigating another system that appears to play a similar role in t...

Scientists one step closer to cancer vaccine

... cell, a T cell, which recognises other cells with defects common to metastasing ones. These defects (which are found in MHC class 1 molecules) allow the tumour cell to evade the "conventional" T cell-...

Novel molecular 'signature' marks DNA of embryonic stem cells

...lso for cancer and other diseases where epigenetic defects are implicated," Bernstein said. A related study led by Rick Young, a member of the Whitehead Institute and an associate member of the Broad Institute, appears in the same issue of Cell and describes new control features found in human ES cells. ...

Fertility drugs given 'all-clear' in new study

... treated with letrozole had the same rate of birth defects as those whose mothers were treated with clomiphen... concerns about a link between letrozole and birth defects are unfounded. This is significant because it confirms that letrozole can indeed be used in the trea...

Forsyth scientists gain greater understanding of how embryos differentiate left from right

... right/left brain dominance and a variety of birth defects in humans. A team of Forsyth Institute scientist...symmetry are responsible for a wide-range of birth defects in humans including conditions that affect the heart, the digestive system, the lungs and the brain....

USC, Rice to develop bacteria-powered fuel cells

... lay flat and orient themselves relative to minute defects in the crystal's surface. "We still have a lot to learn about the chemical cues that the Shewanella use ?both individually and in colonies ?but they are incredibly efficient at converting organic inputs to electricity, so we are confident that they'...

New insights into neural tube defects

...ironmental and genetic factors lead to neural tube defects in 1 in every 1,000 births and cause 1 in 20 of every spontaneous abortion. One cause of these defects is the failure of cells within the neural tube to migrate to the middle of the developing neural tub...

A new way of looking at molecular motors

...d more than a dozen dyneins. Genetic and acquired defects in the motors cause disease by preventing developing cells from migrating to their necessary destinations before birth or by preventing parts of the body, such as sperm tails or the tiny hairs that keep mucus flowing in the lungs, from moving when th...

Molecular mechanism may explain how fevers spark seizures

...ald's group has been characterizing the functional defects of the mutant GABA-A receptors, offering insight into the mechanisms underlying those epilepsies. One of the common features in the families with mutations in the GABA-A receptor gamma subunit -- one of several protein "parts" that come together to...

How sperm crack the whip

...targets for contraception," he said. "We know that defects in CatSper1 block fertilization in mice. And since the channels in human sperm are very similar, there's no reason to believe you couldn't develop a male or female birth control pill that would block the protein before it functions to hyperactivate s...

Rewind, please: Nature paper shows that cell division is reversible

...nt implications for the treatment of cancer, birth defects and numerous other diseases and disorders. Gorbsky... promise for the prevention and treatment of birth defects and a wide variety of other conditions. "Dr. Gorbsky's results provide elegant proof that the cell ...

UCLA paper examines how one disease may prevent another

...fected areas. Leprosy patients have severe immune defects and cutaneous anergy -- an inability to respond to skin testing. They hardly ever get psoriasis, a skin disorder. Starvation was used since biblical times for the treatment of seizures, which were believed to be demons. A 1924 discovery showed that ...

Gene variation increases SIDS risk in African Americans

...th syndrome) in African Americans can be traced to defects in one gene and half of those deaths result from a common genetic variation that increases an infant's risk of developing an abnormal heart rhythm during times of environmental stress, a research team based at the University of Chicago reports in the...

Congenital rubella syndrome nearly eradicated in the US

...t a thing of the past in the United States." Birth defects resulting from rubella may include blindness, deafness, and congenital heart disease. A rubella epidemic in the early 1960s caused more than 11,000 fetal deaths and 20,000 infants to be born with congenital rubella syndrome, but a more effective vacc...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...itially identified as the gene responsible for NER defects in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, who are hypersensitive to light and have a dramatically increased risk of skin cancer," says John A. Tainer, a professor at Scripps Research and its Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology who led the study. "This ref...

Study may help slay 'Yellow Monster'

...ulf War Syndrome or to increased cancers and birth defects in the Middle East. Stearns said it is estimated that more than 300 tons of depleted uranium were used during the first Gulf War. Military uses of depleted uranium in weapons continue today. Closer to home, questions continue to be asked about envir...

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