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Tag: "defects" at biology news

Customized gene chip provides rapid detection of genetic changes in children's cancer

...take hold. The new microarray can detect such gene defects on chromosome 11 and other genetic regions implicated in neuroblastoma. Microarrays are silicon chips that contain tightly ordered selections of genetic material upon which sample material can be tested. When DNA bases from a sample bind to compleme...

Regenerating worms help elucidate stem cell biology

... they did this, they found that worms had the same defects as those whose neoblasts have been destroyed by radiation -- head regression, curling, and the inability to regenerate -- suggesting that the gene was needed for normal neoblast function. The researchers examined piwi's role more closely, and ...

A new link between stem cells and tumors

...to claims that some types of cancer originate with defects in stem cells. The study, reported this week in the on-line edition of Nature Genetics (September 4) shows that if key molecules aren't placed in the right locations within stem cells before they divide, the result can be deadly tumors. Cells in ...

Fruit fly research set to revolutionize study of birth defects

...f fruit flies that may revolutionize the way birth defects are studied has identified the genes affected by a...us, lasts a long time in the body and causes birth defects in children from women who have it in their systems. The study of the drug's effect on fruit flies h...

Anti-cancer drugs may hold promise for premature aging disorder

... colleagues reasoned that they could prevent these defects by blocking farnesylation of progerin. The researchers' hunch proved correct. When they changed one amino acid within progerin's farnesylation tag to prevent the addition of a farnesyl group and tested the effect in cells grown in the laboratory, p...

New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations

...variety of human diseases, including cancer, birth defects and psychiatric conditions. Epigenetic alterations include the turning off or quieting of genes that normally suppress cancer and the turning on of oncogenes to produce proteins that set off malignant behavior. Epigenetic changes are found in normal...

Genetic testing still smart choice, despite uncertainties

... 1.5 percent are implanted with undetected genetic defects because of mosaicism. To find out how big of a problem mosaicism is, the researchers developed a mathematical model using data from UF's IVF program and other programs to illustrate the different paths an embryo takes as it develops. While half of e...

Sperm stem cells closer to being like embryonic stem cells

... say it may be possible someday to correct genetic defects in humans ?cystic fibrosis, for example ?by identifying and eliminating in culture a man's sperm stem cells that carry the gene. Dr. Garbers said that a renewable source of cultured sperm stem cells, rat or human, also could be used to test for mal...

Cells from amniotic fluid used to tissue-engineer a new trachea

... that surrounds it, to create patches to fix birth defects -- in this case, even before birth. Pediatric sur...d to perform repairs, Fauza says. While tracheal defects are rare, they're life-threatening: babies born with incomplete, malformed or missing tracheas canno...

Novel enzyme offers new look at gene regulation

...in of a protein called "hairless," possibly due to defects in the appropriate removal of histone methyl groups. "Given the large numbers of JmjC domain-containing proteins that exist in diverse organisms ranging from yeast to human, our discovery will keep many people in the field busy for the years to come...

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

...the affected cells die. "It has been assumed that defects in transcription-coupled repair are the cause of C... also on the underlying cause of the transcription defects that accumulate after birth in Cockayne Syndrome, which result in cell death leading to CS's charact...

Researchers discover new form of cancer gene regulation

...using oncogene highly associated with severe birth defects and several childhood cancers. The group's study...ons in this family of genes result in severe birth defects and devastating cancers in humans. "While some cancers are explained by known defects in the regul...

T-rays: New imaging technology spotlighted by American Chemical Society

...h NASA, THz imaging has also successfully detected defects in space shuttle foam. Other T-ray applications could enable the label-free characterization of genetic material, detect a C-4 explosive hidden in the mail, and help researchers understand the complex dynamics involved in protein folding. Schmutten...

New nanosensor uses quantum dots to detect DNA

...lar part of a DNA sequence, as well as for genetic defects and mutations." The technique involves an unusual blend of organic and inorganic components. "We are the first to demonstrate the use of quantum dots as a DNA sensor," Wang said. Quantum dots are crystals of semiconductor material, whose sizes are...

Infant transplant patients resist infections that kill adult AIDS patients

...the immune system work in patients who have severe defects in their immune systems or who have cancer." The Mayo Clinic researchers report results comparing T cell function between transplant patients 1-10 years post transplant and healthy people matched to the transplant patients by age and gender. To comp...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...reds of thousands more are born with serious birth defects of post-conception origin due to maternal exposure... mentally and physically disabled for life. Birth defects are a global problem, but their impact is particularly severe in middle- and low-income countries wh...

Stem cells from muscles can repair cartilage

...protein in an effort to repair articular cartilage defects in rats. Led by Johnny Huard, PhD, director of the Growth and Development Laboratory at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and an associate professor in the departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry and Bioengineering...

Bones from blood: Scientists aim to break new ground on fractures

...ord blood stem cells for use in the repair of bone defects and fractures. The three-year ?.5 million researc...ht be used for cell-based therapies to repair bone defects and fractures. Ultimately, bone structures developed in this way could be used to make hip replaceme...

Study ties 'new' cell-death mechanism to developmental and degenerative brain disorders

... can be caused, at least in part, by specific gene defects that interfere with the electrical impulses of rapid-firing brain nerve cells called bursting neurons. The implicated gene, KCNC3, and two mutations are described in the journal Nature Genetics, published online Feb. 26, 2006. Until now, theories on...

Technique makes it easier to see mouse embryo in all its glory

...niversity of Utah will revolutionize the way birth defects and cancer genes are studied in animal models. Tha...of development, including childhood cancers. Birth defects are diagnosed in 150,000 babies in the U.S. annually. Suspected causes are genetic abnormalities, en...

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